tailieunhanh - Báo cáo khoa hoc:" The distribution of the effects of genes affecting quantitative traits in livestock"

Tuyển tập các báo cáo nghiên cứu về sinh học được đăng trên tạp chí sinh học thế giới đề tài: The distribution of the effects of genes affecting quantitative traits in livestock | Genet Sei. Evol. 33 2001 209-229 INRA EDP Sciences 2001 209 Original article The distribution of the effects of genes affecting quantitative traits in livestock Ben Hayesa Mike E. Goddarda b a Institute of Land and Food Resources UniversitY of Melbourne Parkville Victoria 3052 Australia b Department of Natural Resources and Environment Victorian Institute of Animal Science Attwood Victoria 3049 Australia Received 24 JanuarY 2000 accepted 2 JanuarY 2001 Abstract - Meta-analysis of information from quantitative trait loci QTL mapping experiments was used to derive distributions of the effects of genes affecting quantitative traits. The two limitations of such information that QTL effects as reported include experimental error and that mapping experiments can only detect QTL above a certain size were accounted for. Data from pig and dairy mapping experiments were used. Gamma distributions of QTL effects were fitted with maximum likelihood. The derived distributions were moderately leptokurtic consistent with many genes of small effect and few of large effect. Seventeen percent and 35 of the leading QTL explained 90 of the genetic variance for the dairy and pig distributions respectively. The number of segregating genes affecting a quantitative trait in dairy populations was predicted assuming genes affecting a quantitative trait were neutral with respect to fitness. Between 50 and 100 genes were predicted depending on the effective population size assumed. As data for the analysis included no QTL of small effect the ability to estimate the number of QTL of small effect must inevitably be weak. It may be that there are more QTL of small effect than predicted by our gamma distributions. Nevertheless the distributions have important implications for QTL mapping experiments and Marker Assisted Selection MAS . Powerful mapping experiments able to detect QTL of will be required to detect enough QTL to explain 90 the genetic variance for a quantitative trait. .