tailieunhanh - Thermodynamics Interaction Studies Solids, Liquids and Gases Part 9

Tham khảo tài liệu 'thermodynamics interaction studies solids, liquids and gases part 9', kỹ thuật - công nghệ, cơ khí - chế tạo máy phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | 470 Thermodynamics - Interaction Studies - Solids Liquids and Gases 2. The integration of thermodynamics into chemical grounds From a qualitative to a quantitative affinity The new rules of the French Royal Academy of sciences 1699 Wilhelm Homberg s work on the interchangeability of average -now called neutral - salts the mechanist philosophy influences at the end of the seventeenth century and as well Paracelsus and the alchemists traditions paved the way for the empirical production of affinity tables during the 18th century. From Etienne-Francois Geoffroy 1718 to Bergman 1775 these tables were multiplied some chemists such as Guyton de Morveau 1773 developed the first experimental devices to quantify these affinities Mi Gyung 2003 Partington 1962 . A shift of the explanatory function of the principles - Aristotelian Paracelsian or other which previously accounted for qualities and chemical transmutations towards the state of union between two chemical substances and the concept of process which implies union and disunion gradually occurred Bensaude-Vincent Stengers 1996 . This major epistemological upheaval led to the attraction between chemical bodies being operationally redefined within the context of salts chemistry. The key question of the force or power which governed the chemical combinations remained rather unclear and mysterious according to Henri Sainte Claire Deville Deville 1864 until the chemists integrated knowledge of calorific and thermodynamics into their own practices. Using a new calorimeter with mercury . Silbermann and Favre showed for the first time in 1852 that a chemical decomposition could involve a release of heat. At the same time Julius Thomsen published a paper entitled Les bases d un systeme thermocìĩimicỊue2 in the Annals of Poggendorf which upset the generally accepted ideas. The differentiation between combination and decomposition defended by Claude-Louis Berthollet could not be maintained anymore. A chemical act which .