tailieunhanh - Evaluating fact 7

Tham khảo tài liệu 'evaluating fact 7', ngoại ngữ, anh ngữ phổ thông phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | --------------------------------- DISTRACTING While these distracting techniques are usually easy to spot they can be challenging to deflect. If one is aimed at you it s critical to understand how it works and how to take it apart so attention can be refocused onto the real issue. Red Herring In an argument a red herring can be any diversion that distracts attention from the main issue. The name of this distracter comes from a very strong-smelling cured fish that was once used variously to distract bloodhounds from the scent of escaping prisoners or to distract hunting dogs from the trail of their prey. The diversion usually takes the form of an irrelevant topic which is designed to lead attention away from the real issue and onto another topic. Typically someone who is on the defensive end of an argument will use a red herring to change the subject from one he is not comfortable with to one he feels he can win with. A red herring fallacy looks like this 1. There is discussion of issue A. 2. There is introduction of issue B irrelevant to issue A but pretending to be relevant . 3. Issue A is forgotten and issue B becomes the focal point. Example Nuclear power is a necessity even though it has the potential to be dangerous. You know what is really dangerous though Bathtubs. More people die in accidents in their bathtubs every year than you can imagine. Where is the red herring Here is issue A Nuclear power is a necessity even though it has the potential to be dangerous. Next issue B is introduced which is not TECHNIQUES ------------------------------------ relevant to issue A Bathtubs are really dangerous. Then we hear more about issue B and issue A is forgotten. The speaker in this example may be uncomfortable discussing the potential dangers of nuclear power and or she wants to lessen their impact by talking instead about the dangers of bathtubs. In either case she has used a red herring a distracter to leave the issue she does not want to talk about. Simply she .