tailieunhanh - Evaluating fact 2

Tham khảo tài liệu 'evaluating fact 2', ngoại ngữ, anh ngữ phổ thông phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | LESSON Deductive Reasoning 12 LESSON SUMMARY In deductive reasoning an argument is made based on two facts or premises. If the premises are true then it should follow that the conclusion of the argument must also be true. YOU HEAR DEDUCTIVE arguments both good and bad made all the time. In magazines you read If you use Brand X detergent your clothes will not get clean. But our detergent works much better. Use our detergent and your clothes will get clean. On television you hear a politician saying High taxes are putting people out of work. Tax cuts are a better policy. Tax cuts will give people jobs. At home most people can remember a parent telling them if you do not finish your supper you will not get dessert. Understanding how these arguments work and do not work will help you to do two things. One you will learn how to use deductive reasoning to construct your own strong arguments. Getting your point across accurately and forcefully will be easier. And two you will be able to tell when someone else s argument is weak. You can t be influenced or persuaded by faulty reasoning when you recognize it and see its flaws. On the other hand you will also be able to determine when someone has a strong argument that you should be influenced by. 93 ------------------------------- DEDUCTIVE What Is Deduction Deduction is the process of reasoning from two general premises or things that are known to a specific conclusion. These three parts are A. major premise B. minor premise C. conclusion For instance we know A that dogs have four legs and we know B that Fido is a dog. Therefore since A and B are true we can conclude with certainty that C Fido has four legs. From this example you may see that a deductive argument is sound when the premises are true and the conclusion logically follows from the premises. Qualities of a Deductive Argument It has two premises that provide a guarantee of the truth of the conclusion by providing support for it that is so strong that if the .