tailieunhanh - Cải tạo duy trì và thay đổi công năng sử dụng công trình

Tham khảo tài liệu 'cải tạo duy trì và thay đổi công năng sử dụng công trình', kỹ thuật - công nghệ, kiến trúc - xây dựng phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | rTTTỄmrmrrnii Survey measurement sketch RENOVATION OF OLD BUILDINGS Repairing modernising converting or adding structural extensions to an old building requires a different approach to the design process than for new buildings. It should be remembered that old buildings are often protected by law . listed buildings in the UK . The first task in any renovation project is a thorough survey of the existing structure in which every important component and detail has to be carefully inspected. The survey begins with a general description of the building the plot building specifications applicable regulations or bylaws the age of building and any historical design features the use of the building domestic or commercial and any other features of interest followed by a description of the building materials and the standard of the fittings the technical building services the framework and structural characteristics. Details about ownership tenants and income from rental etc. should also be included. Sketches should be made and measurements taken so that plans of the building can be drawn - @- 4 . The survey must also describe the building s condition with details of specific areas fagades roof stairs cellar and individual rooms and all significant defective areas should be noted - 5 . Typical problems include cracked chimney tops damaged and leaking roof structure dry rot or woodworm in the timber eaves roof and wall connections wooden joists in floors doors stairs etc. cracks in the masonry and plaster structural damage leaking taẹades and guttering no heat insulation and underlay and cellar walls in need of damp-proofing. If structural steelwork is in place it should be checked for rust. It is common to find that the existing heating and sanitation are unusable and that underground lines and house connections are damaged or possibly underdesigned. Main points of attack by z non-pressurised water Main points of attack by pressurised water 8 drainage pushed through g .