tailieunhanh - The principles of toxicology environmental and industrial applications 2nd edition phần 7

Nếu phát triển nhận thức thần kinh hóa ra là như nhạy cảm như một số đề nghị để các tác động của chì, câu hỏi nhiều khó khăn hơn về hay không và làm thế nào để giải quyết tiếp xúc, giảm phạm vi có liên quan với tự nhiên xảy ra dẫn, sẽ được xem xét. Nếu không có nguồn tiếp xúc rõ ràng và dễ dàng thay thế chủ yếu, như xăng dầu hoặc sơn, các chi phí liên quan | 358 PROPERTIES AND EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES O O u Ji ĩ H C-----CH2-NH CH2-P--------OH Oh Figure Glyphosate. Diquat causes less dermal irritation and injury than does paraquat and diquat is not selectively concentrated in pulmonary tissue like paraquat. Diquat in contrast to paraquat causes little to no injury to the lungs however diquat has an effect on the central nervous system whereas paraquat does not. The mechanism of action of diquat is thought to be similar to that of paraquat involving the production of superoxide radicals that cause lipid membrane destruction. Dermal exposure to sufficient levels of diquat can cause fingernail damage and irritation of the eyes and mucous membranes. Intoxication by diquat via the oral route has reportedly caused signs and symptoms including gastrointestinal irritation nausea vomiting and diarrhea. Both paraquat and diquat are reportedly associated with renal toxicity. There is no known specific antidote for either paraquat or diquat poisoning. Glyphosate Round-Up -V- phosphonomethyl glycine see Figure is a widely used herbicide that interferes with amino acid metabolism in plants. In animals it is thought to act as a weak uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation. Glyphosate is moderately absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract undergoes minimal biotransformation and is excreted via the kidneys. There have been several reports in the literature of intoxications typically resulting from accidental or suicidal ingestion following overexposure to the glyphosate-containing product Round-Up. Various signs and symptoms include gastro-intestinal irritation and damage as well as dysfunction in several organ systems . lung liver kidney CNS and cardiovascular system . It has been proposed that the toxicity seen following intoxication with Round-Up is due to the surfactant agent in the commercial product. One study conducted determined that the irritative potential of the commercial preparation of Round-Up is similar to .

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