tailieunhanh - Natural Hazards Analysis - Chapter 4

Nghiên cứu của chương này sẽ cho phép bạn: 1. Xác định phân tích không gian và giải thích cách chúng tôi sử dụng công cụ này trong phân tích mối nguy hiểm. 2. Giải thích các loại hình phân tích không gian. 3. Mô tả làm thế nào để hình dung dữ liệu bằng cách sử dụng các kết quả của phân tích không gian. | Chapter 4 Spatial Analysis Objectives The study of this chapter will enable you to 1. Define spatial analysis and explain how we use this tool in hazards analysis. 2. Explain the type of spatial analysis. 3. Describe how to visualize data using the results of spatial analysis. Key Terms Accuracy Buffering Choropleth maps Error Geospatial data Hydraulic analysis Hydrologic data Hypothesis Metadata Precision Reliability Spatial analysis Statistical analysis Transformations 87 2009 by Taylor Francis Group LLC 88 Natural Hazards Analysis Reducing the Impact of Disasters Issue What tools are available to examine the spatial and temporal nature of hazards and their impacts Introduction Dr. John Snow unraveled the causes of cholera in the mid-ninth century in London by recording on a map the incidence of cholera. He was able to observe from his map the relationship between a public water pump in the center of the cholera outbreak. Although his use of maps to track the cholera outbreak did not prove the cause it raised a question as to the relationship between drinking water and the public health outbreak. Stronger evidence was obtained to confirm his contention when the water supply was cut off7 and the outbreak subsided Gilbert 1958 . This illustration provides several critical elements of the productive use of spatial analysis in a hazards analysis. First John Snow collected accurate health data and made accurate georeference placement of this data on a map. He also noted on his map other related items such as the public water pump. The scale of the map was of a small area within London and provided an appropriate scale in which to test his hypothesis. More importantly Snow simply used his analysis of spatial data to raise a hypothesis that had to be further studied or tested. He thus limited the use of the information from his analysis and had a sound basis for choosing his data sources and how he would use this data in forming a hypothesis. His methodology was goal .

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