tailieunhanh - Báo cáo hóa học: " Enhancing Solar Cell Efficiencies through 1-D Nanostructures"

Tuyển tập báo cáo các nghiên cứu khoa học quốc tế ngành hóa học dành cho các bạn yêu hóa học tham khảo đề tài: Enhancing Solar Cell Efficiencies through 1-D Nanostructures | Nanoscale Res Lett 2009 4 1-10 DOI s11671-008-9200-y NANO REVIEW Enhancing Solar Cell Efficiencies through 1-D Nanostructures Kehan Yu Junhong Chen Received 31 July 2008 Accepted 27 October 2008 Published online 25 November 2008 to the authors 2008 Abstract The current global energy problem can be attributed to insufficient fossil fuel supplies and excessive greenhouse gas emissions resulting from increasing fossil fuel consumption. The huge demand for clean energy potentially can be met by solar-to-electricity conversions. The large-scale use of solar energy is not occurring due to the high cost and inadequate efficiencies of existing solar cells. Nanostructured materials have offered new opportunities to design more efficient solar cells particularly one-dimensional 1-D nanomaterials for enhancing solar cell efficiencies. These 1-D nanostructures including nanotubes nanowires and nanorods offer significant opportunities to improve efficiencies of solar cells by facilitating photon absorption electron transport and electron collection however tremendous challenges must be conquered before the large-scale commercialization of such cells. This review specifically focuses on the use of 1-D nanostructures for enhancing solar cell efficiencies. Other nanostructured solar cells or solar cells based on bulk materials are not covered in this review. Major topics addressed include dye-sensitized solar cells quantumdot-sensitized solar cells and p-n junction solar cells. Keywords Solar cells Nanowires Nanotubes Nanorods Quantum dots Hybrid nanostructures K. Yu J. Chen El Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Milwaukee WI 53211 USA e-mail jhchen@ Introduction Energy supply has arguably become one of the most important problems facing humanity 1 . The exponential demand for energy is evidenced by dwindling fossil fuel supplies 2 and record-high oil and gas prices due to global population growth and economic development Fig. 1 3