tailieunhanh - Ecological Modeling Risk Assessment: Chemical Effects on Populations, Ecosystems, and Landscapes

Ecotoxicological models have been applied increasingly to perform chemical risk assessments since the first models of this kind emerged about 25 years ago. The first ecotoxicological models were applied to very specific cases — for instance, cadmium contamination of Lake Erie or mercury contamination of Mex Bay, Alexandria. The models were inspired by the experience gained in ecological modeling and therefore contained good descriptions of ecological processes. Slightly later, the so-called fate models emerged, which were first developed by McKay and others. Such models described the distribution of a chemical in the atmosphere, the hydrosphere, the lithosphere, and the biosphere. | Ecological Modeling Risk Assessment Chemical Effects on Populations Ecosystems and Landscapes Edited by Robert A. Pastorok Steven M. Bartell Scott Ferson Lev R. Ginzburg . LEWIS PUBLISHERS A CRC Press Company Boca Raton London New York Washington . 2002 by CRC Press LLC Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Ecological modeling in risk assessment chemical effects on populations ecosystems and landscapes Robert A. Pastorok . et al. editors. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 1-56670-574-6 alk. paper 1. Pollution Environmental aspects Simulation methods. 2. Ecological risk assessment. I. Pastorok Robert A. E277 2001 01 1 dc21 2001038278 This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reprinted material is quoted with permission and sources are indicated. A wide variety of references are listed. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information but the authors and the publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or for the consequences of their use. Neither this book nor any part may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic or mechanical including photocopying microfilming and recording or by any information storage or retrieval system without prior permission in writing from the publisher. All rights reserved. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use or the personal or internal use of specific clients may be granted by CRC Press LLC provided that per page photocopied is paid directly to Copyright clearance Center 222 Rosewood Drive Danvers MA 01923 USA The fee code for users of the Transactional Reporting Service is ISBN 1-56670-574-6 02 . The fee is subject to change without notice. For organizations that have been granted a photocopy license by the CCC a separate system of payment has been arranged. The consent of CRC Press LLC does not extend to copying for general .