tailieunhanh - Improvement of different vaccine delivery systems for cancer therapy

Getting treatment of an endometrium problem before it becomes cancer is another way to lower the risk of endometrial cancer. Most endometrial cancers develop over many years. Many are known to follow, and maybe start from, less serious problems of the lining of the uterus, such as increased growth of this lining (hyperplasia). Some cases of hyperplasia will go away without treatment. But sometimes it needs to be treated with hormones or even surgery. Treatment can prevent hyperplasia from becoming cancer. Women with hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer (HNPCC, Lynch syndrome) have a very high risk of endometrial cancer. A. | Bolhassani et al. Molecular Cancer 2011 10 3 http content 10 1 3 MOLECULAR CANCER REVIEW Open Access Improvement of different vaccine delivery systems for cancer therapy Azam Bolhassani Shima Safaiyan Sima Rafati Abstract Cancer vaccines are the promising tools in the hands of the clinical oncologist. Many tumor-associated antigens are excellent targets for immune therapy and vaccine design. Optimally designed cancer vaccines should combine the best tumor antigens with the most effective immunotherapy agents and or delivery strategies to achieve positive clinical results. Various vaccine delivery systems such as different routes of immunization and physical chemical delivery methods have been used in cancer therapy with the goal to induce immunity against tumor-associated antigens. Two basic delivery approaches including physical delivery to achieve higher levels of antigen production and formulation with microparticles to target antigen-presenting cells APCs have demonstrated to be effective in animal models. New developments in vaccine delivery systems will improve the efficiency of clinical trials in the near future. Among them nanoparticles NPs such as dendrimers polymeric NPs metallic NPs magnetic NPs and quantum dots have emerged as effective vaccine adjuvants for infectious diseases and cancer therapy. Furthermore cell-penetrating peptides CPP have been known as attractive carrier having applications in drug delivery gene transfer and DNA vaccination. This review will focus on the utilization of different vaccine delivery systems for prevention or treatment of cancer. We will discuss their clinical applications and the future prospects for cancer vaccine development. Introduction Cancer is a major cause of death in worldwide. Novel diagnostic technologies and screening methods as well as the effective therapeutic agents have diminished mortality for several cancers 1 . The field of vaccinology provides excellent promises to control .