tailieunhanh - THE URBAN AUDIT Towards the Benchmarking of Quality of Life in 58 European Cities

In the Christian tradition, the doctrine of ‘just war’ has evolved throughout the last 1,700 years, originating with St. Augustine and later significantly shaped by St Thomas Aquinas, both of whom developed ideas of the Greek philosopher Aristotle and the Roman philosopher Cicero. 15 Saint Augustine (354-430) served as Bishop of Hippo for 34 years. His idea of just war has two foundations. The first, owing much to the Eastern religious traditions, is that in all things a person should not act out of selfish considerations. Thus, Augustine argued, it is wrong to kill an attacker simply to. | THE URBAN AUDIT Towards the Benchmarking of Quality of Life in 58 European Cities VOLUME I The Yearbook Overview Comparative Section The Urban Audit is supported by the European Commission. It is aimed at improving comparative information on urban areas. The Urban Audit was supervised by Marcello Roma and Mireille Grubert of Directorate General for Regional Policies and Gilles Durand and Berthold Feldman of Eurostat. The realisation of the pilot phase of the Urban Audit was entrusted to ERECO under the direction ofDavid Taylor Cambridge Econometrics Nick Bozeat Ecotec Michael Parkinson EIUA and Mireia Belil Borakasi and including a network of national and city level correspondents. Further information on the Urban Audit can be accessed at the INFOREGIO web site urban audit . Cataloguing data can be found at the end of this publication. Luxembourg Office for Official Publications of the European Communities 2000. ISBN 92-828-9241-7 European Communities 2000 Reproduction is authorised except for commercial purposes provided the source is acknowledged. Foreword This is the first edition of the Urban Yearbook. It presents the main results of the pilot phase of the Urban Audit. The purpose of the Urban Audit is to provide a resource allowing comparisons across national boundaries on conditions in EU urban areas. The work has for the first time brought together information from 58 major EU cities concerning a wide range of aspects of the quality of life in urban areas. This process has engaged directly the city authorities who were invited by the European Commission to participate. Though practice concerning information collection and management varies between and within countries use has been made of a large number of local data sources in order to supplement the official statistics available at national levels. To achieve this close co-operation has been necessary between the European Commission and the cities. Many individuals within the cities in .