tailieunhanh - Global Economic Prospects Realizing the Development Promise of the Doha Agenda phần 7

. Bên cạnh việc hạn chế sự di chuyển của người lao động, chậm trễ trong việc đi lại có thể gây tổn hại cho sức cạnh tranh của doanh nghiệp. Có bằng chứng cho rằng khả năng cạnh tranh của các công ty con của các công ty Mỹ được thành lập ở Trung Quốc đã bị | GLOBAL ECONOMIC PROSPECTS 2004 tive measures passed by the states of Connecticut Maryland New Jersey and Washington restricting outsourcing of state government services. Similar concerns and calls for similar policy responses have been voiced in Europe. Besides restricting the movement of workers delays in travel can harm the competitiveness of firms. There is evidence that the competitiveness of subsidiaries of . companies established in China has been adversely affected as tightened security has hampered the ability of . companies to obtain visas for Chinese nationals to conclude deals undertake training and even attend strategic seminars and meetings in the United States. Parent companies in the United States are complaining about lost contracts and the move of Chinese clients to European companies that can offer faster and more predictable issuance of visas. While recognizing the importance of border security in an environment of heightened risk care must be taken that the granting of visas and work permits does not become a disguised barrier to trade. India s minister for trade and commerce recently termed the denial of visas and restrictions on the movement of natural persons as an indirect method by developed nations of denying market access to developing nations. Care also must be taken to reconcile the need for increased security at entry points with that of allowing commerce to flow as freely as possible. This includes recourse to new technologies notably biometrics a system of fingerprint and retinal recognition and more traditional methods such as permanent resident cards. Mode 4 and the WTO As noted above some types of temporary foreign workers service suppliers are covered under the WTO General Agreement on Trade in Services GATS . Greater freedom for the temporary movement of individual service suppliers is being negotiated under the GATS as part of the multilateral negotiations set in process following the WTO meetings in Doha in November .