tailieunhanh - Man economy and state with power and market phần 9

Và nghĩ rằng Galbraith cáo buộc lý thuyết âm thanh hoàn hảo và hợp lý tiền tệ của lạm phát là "thần bí" và "ma thuật unrevealed" 102 Trước khi rời khỏi câu hỏi của sự giàu có và tấn công gần đây trên mục tiêu tiêu thụ của toàn bộ hệ thống kinh tế, | Triangular Intervention 1137 the market with new improvements in its products and new reductions in their Finally of course the market itself provides an easy and effective course for those who feel that there are not enough expenditures being made in certain directions on the free market. They are free to make these expenditures themselves. Those who would like to see more inventions made and exploited are at liberty to join together and subsidize such efforts in any way they think best. In doing so they would as consumers add resources to the research and invention business. And they would not then be forcing other consumers to lose utility by conferring monopoly grants and distorting the allocation of the market. Their voluntary expenditures would become part of the market and help to express its ultimate consumer valuations. Furthermore later inventors would not be restricted. The friends of invention could accomplish their aims without calling in the State and imposing losses on the mass of consumers. Patents like any monopoly grant confer a privilege on one and restrict the entry of others thereby distorting the freely competitive pattern of industry. If the product is sufficiently demanded by the public the patentee will be able to achieve a monopoly price. Patentees instead of marketing their invention themselves may elect either to 1 sell their privilege to another or 2 keep the patent privilege but sell licenses to other firms permitting them to market the invention. The patent privilege thereby becomes a capitalized monopoly gain. It will tend to sell at the price that capitalizes the expected future monopoly gain to be derived from it. Licensing is equivalent to renting capital and a license will tend to sell at a price equal to the discounted sum of the rental income that the patent will earn for the period of the license. A system of general licensing is equivalent to a tax on the use of the new process except that the patentee receives the