tailieunhanh - The Oxford Handbook of Cognitive Linguistics Part 27

The Oxford Handbook of Cognitive Linguistics Part 27. In the past decade, Cognitive Linguistics has developed into one of the most dynamic and attractive frameworks within theoretical and descriptive linguistics The Oxford Handbook of Cognitive Linguistics is a major new reference that presents a comprehensive overview of the main theoretical concepts and descriptive/theoretical models of Cognitive Linguistics, and covers its various subfields, theoretical as well as applied. | 230 todd oakley schema for example can be understood as the superimposition of a path whose goal and source are identical points in space due to iteration. This Gestalt grouping of image schemas with other image schemas leads to the tentative conclusion that some image schemas are perceptually more primary . path while others suggest a more complex structure thus distinguishing between recurring perceptual experience and gestalt complexes of perceptual experiences is crucial despite their treatment as synonyms in much of the literature. Distinguishing the developmental trajectory of image schemas may be another way of grouping them. Some image schemas may be developmentally more basic than others. According to Mandler 1992 conceptual development arises from perceptual analysis by this mechanism perceptual information is conceptualized with the resulting notions of animacy inanimacy agency and containment guiding the initial phases of conceptual development. Image schemas for path compulsion link counterforce contact surface and object maybe onto-genetically basic because each requires one or more of these forms of perceptual analysis. Now consider what known image schemas have in common. All image schemas can be construed as dynamic or static scenes as processes or states see Cienki 1997 for a review . For example we can construe the experience of balance as a state of equilibrium or as an act of maintaining balance. The static versus dynamic characteristics of image schemas references Langacker s 1987 145 distinction between summary and sequential scanning. When we construe a complex scene as one in which all facets are conceived coexistent and simultaneously available we are relying on static realizations of image schemas then again when we construe a complex scene as a series of states in which one successively transforms into another we are relying on dynamic realizations of image schemas. Krzeszowski 1993 310 discusses in some detail an important .