tailieunhanh - Organic Chemistry: Atoms, Orbitals, and Bonds

The informational efficiency of the bond market relative to the stock market has received increasing attention in recent years. For example, Kwan (1996) finds, using daily data, that stock returns lead bond returns, suggesting that stocks may be informationally more efficient than bonds, while Hotchkiss and Ronen (2002) find, using higher-frequency (intra- day) data, that the informational efficiency of corporate bonds is similar to that of the underlying stocks. | Richard F. Daley and Sally J. Daley Organic Chemistry Chapter 1 Atoms Orbitals and Bonds The Periodic Table 21 Atomic Structure 22 Energy Levels and Atomic Orbitals 23 How Electrons Fill Orbitals 27 Bond Formation 28 Molecular Orbitals 30 Orbital Hybridization 35 Multiple Bonding 46 Drawing Lewis Structures 49 Polar Covalent Bonds 54 Inductive Effects on Bond Polarity 57 Formal Charges 58 Resonance 60 Key Ideas from Chapter 1 66 Organic Chemistry - Ch 1 18 Daley Daley Copyright 1996-2005 by Richard F. Daley Sally J. Daley All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic mechanical photocopying recording or otherwise without the prior written permission of the copyright holder. 5 July 2005 Organic Chemistry - Ch 1 19 Daley Daley Chapter 1 Atoms Orbitals and Bonds Chapter Outline The Periodic Table A review of the periodic table Atomic Structure Subatomic particles and isotopes Energy Levels and Atomic Orbitals A review of the energy levels and formation of atomic orbitals How Electrons Fill Orbitals The Pauli Exclusion principle and Aufbau principle Bond Formation An introduction to the various types of bonds Molecular Orbitals Formation of molecular orbitals from the 1s atomic orbitals of hydrogen Orbital Hybridization The VSEPR model and the three-dimensional geometry of molecules Multiple Bonding The formation of more than one molecular orbital between a pair of atoms Drawing Lewis Structures Drawing structures showing the arrangement of atoms bonds and nonbonding pairs of electrons Polar Covalent Bonds Polarity of bonds and bond dipoles Inductive Effects on Bond Polarity An introduction to how inductive and field effects affect bond polarity Formal Charges Finding the atom or atoms in a molecule that bear a charge .