tailieunhanh - Integrated Assessment of Health and Sustainability of Agroecosystems - Chapter 2

Làm thế nào kiến thức và nghiên cứu có thể được cấu trúc để giúp mọi người đưa ra quyết định tốt hơn đối với việc quản lý agroecosystems của họ? Càng ngày, công nhận là ngày càng tăng giữa các nhà nghiên cứu và người lao động phát triển mà mọi người là một phần của hệ thống phức tạp (Fitzhugh, 2000). Thông qua hoạt động khác nhau, họ ảnh hưởng đến cấu trúc và chức năng của các hệ thống nông nghiệp và sinh thái để tăng lợi ích mà họ lấy được từ họ, phục vụ theo. | 2 Design and Implementation of an Adaptive Integrated Approach to Health and Sustainability in a Smallholder-Dominated Agroecosystem INTRODUCTION How can knowledge and research be structured to help people make better decisions with regard to managing their agroecosystems Increasingly recognition is growing among researchers and development workers that people are part of complex systems Fitzhugh 2000 . Through various activities they influence the structure and function of these agricultural and ecological systems to increase the benefits they derive from them serving in this way as the primary managers of the system. The systems however consist of extensive complex and dynamic interrelationships such that activity at one point of the system results in complex sometimes counterintuitive or unpredictable reactions at other spatial or temporal points Holling 1986 1992 . Furthermore the reactions may be lagged in time or difficult to perceive because of the scale at which they occur. Because of these the consequences of various management strategies are not always easily recognized making purposeful management of these complex systems difficult. The concept of health has been found useful in structuring the processes of managing an agroecosystem toward the desired or ideal state Rapport 1995 Waltner-Toews and Nielsen 1995 Haworth et al. 1998 . Agroecosystem health is a metaphor that helps to organize knowledge about agroecosystems structure our evaluative judgments concerning their current state and reflect them against our hopes for the future so that they agroecosystems might be monitored and managed adequately Haworth et al. 1998 . Agroecosystem health management consists of five steps 1 describing the system of interest 2 identifying the owners actors and customers 3 setting or naming the goals and objectives of the system 4 identifying and implementing feasible and desirable changes and 5 monitoring appropriate 25 2009 by Taylor Francis Group LLC 26 .