tailieunhanh - Báo cáo sinh học: "CD4saurus Rex &HIVelociraptor vs. development of clinically useful immunological markers: a Jurassic tale of frozen evolution"

Tuyển tập báo cáo các nghiên cứu khoa học quốc tế ngành hóa học dành cho các bạn yêu hóa học tham khảo đề tài: CD4saurus Rex &HIVelociraptor vs. development of clinically useful immunological markers: a Jurassic tale of frozen evolution | De Maria and Cossarizza Journal of Translational Medicine 2011 9 93 http content 9 1 93 JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE COMMENTARY Open Access CD4saurus Rex HIVelociraptor vs. development of clinically useful immunological markers a Jurassic tale of frozen evolution Andrea De Maria1 2 3 and Andrea Cossarizza4 5 Abstract One of the most neglected areas of everyday clinical practice for HIV physicians is unexpectedly represented by CD4 T cell counts when used as an aid to clinical decisions. All who care for HIV patients believe that CD4 T cell counts are a reliable method to evaluate a patient immune status. There is however a fatalistic acceptance that besides its general usefulness CD4 T cell counts have relevant clincal and immunological limits. Shortcomings of CD4 counts appear in certain clinical scenarios including identification of immunological nonresponders subsequent development of cancer on antiretroviral teatment failure on tretment simplification. Historical and recently described parameters might be better suited to advise management of patients at certain times during their disease history. Immunogenotypic parameters and innate immune parameters that define progression as well as immune parameters associated with immune recovery are available and have not been introduced into validation processes in larger trials. The scientific and clinical community needs an effort in stimulating clinical evolution of immunological tests beyond CD4saurus Rex introducing new parameters in the clinical arena after appropriate validation Keywords CD4 T cells immune reconstitution antiviral treatment clinical trials Introduction Basic biomedical research is crucial for understanding pathogenetic mechanisms of diseases as well as to develop new techniques drugs or concepts aimed at improving patient clinical care. Clinical implications of basic research are regularly reported in major journals in an effort to improve the transfer of .