tailieunhanh - computer organization and architecture p2

Hệ thống xe buýt kết nối có thành phần cơ bản Linh kiện máy tính () • Các kiến trúc von Neumann được dựa trên ba khái niệm quan trọng: các dữ liệu ooo và hướng dẫn được lưu trữ trong một bộ nhớ đọc-ghi duy nhất nội dung của bộ nhớ này có địa chỉ theo vị trí, | 11 II. THE COMPUTER SYSTEM. 3. System Buses. 29-Jan-0l System Buses Interconnecting Basic Components Computer Components The von Neumann architecture is based on three key concepts o Data and instructions are stored in a single read-write memory o The contents of this memory are addressable by location without regard to the type of data contained there o Execution occurs in a sequential fashion unless explicitly modified from one instruction to the next Two approaches to programming o hardwired programming - constructing a configuration of hardware logic components to perform a particular set of arithmetic and logic operations on a set of data o software - a sequence of codes or instructions each of which supply the necessary control signals to a general-purpose configuration of control and logic functions which may themselves be hardwired programs Other components needed o I O Components - a means to accept data and instructions in some form and convert to an internal form of signals report results o Main memory distinguished from external storage peripherals a place to temporarily store both instructions - data interpreted as codes for generating control signals data - data upon which computations are performed Interactions among Computer Components o Memory Address Register - specifies address for next read or write o Memory Buffer Register - contains data to be written into or receives data read from memory o I O address register - specifies a particular I O device o I O buffer register - used for exchange of data between an I O module and CPU or memory o Memory module - a set of locations with sequentially numbered addresses each holds a binary number that can be either an instruction or data _CPU_ I I I I I IX I I MBR I I RO Ak I I I O iik I Mcnury PC PtaựUM VII Lí III ft lit a iMiriKllM MtR - MatẺủH II lid IT 111 H-tfcJi MBIf - b-híĩrt fcfcJsH i I1M1 AR - 1 0 jiiJra rvkjhivr I O mt - LH Lufirj J i-ulskt Universidade do Minho - Dep. .