tailieunhanh - Hand-foot-and-mouth disease – An Overview

Influenza. Even though influenza viruses usually cause URIs in adults, they are increasingly being recognized as an impor- tant cause of LRIs in children and perhaps the second most important cause after RSVs of hospitalization of children with an ARI (Neuzil and others 2002).Although influenza is consid- ered infrequent in developing countries, its epidemiology remains to be investigated thoroughly. The potential burden of influenza as a cause of death in children is unknown. Influenza virus type A may cause seasonal outbreaks, and type B may cause sporadic infection. Recently, avian influenza virus has caused infection, disease, and death in small numbers of indi- viduals, including children, in a few Asian countries | Hand-foot-and-mouth disease - An Overview Prof. Jayakar Thomas MD. DD. MNAMS. PhD. FAAD. Professor Head Department of Skin STD Sree Balaji Medical College Chennai INDIA Address for Correspondence Jayakar Thomas 135 East Mada Church Road Royapuram Chennai 600013 Email jayakarthomas @ Abstract Hand-foot-and-mouth disease HFMD is a viral illness with a distinct clinical presentation of oral and characteristic distal extremity lesions. Most commonly the etiologic agents are coxsackieviruses members of the Picornaviridae family. HFMD is more severe in infants and children than adults but generally the disease has a mild course. A brief prodrome of 12-36 hours duration is part of the usual presentation of HFMD. The lesions on the hands and feet are present for 5-10 days. The mucosal and cutaneous lesions heal spontaneously in 5-7 days. Usually no medical care is necessary for HFMD. The topical application of anesthetics is beneficial. Patient Education includes good hygiene and avoidance of rupturing blisters. Introduction Hand-foot-and-mouth disease HFMD is a viral illness with a distinct clinical presentation of oral and characteristic distal extremity lesions. Most commonly the etiologic agents are coxsackieviruses members of the Picornaviridae family. Epidemiology and Pathophysiology Epidemic HFMD viral infections are usually caused by members of the Enterovirus genus namely coxsackievirus A16 or enterovirus 71. In addition sporadic cases with coxsackievirus types A4-A7 A9 A10 B1-B3 and B5 have been reported. Infections usually occur as isolated events but epidemics occur regularly. The incubation period averages 3-6 days. Coxsackievirus infection is highly contagious. During epidemics the virus is spread by horizontal transmission from child to child and from mother to fetus. e-Journal of the Indian Society of Teledermatology 2009 Vol 3 Page 1 Transmission occurs by means of direct contact with nasal and or oral secretions fecal material or .