tailieunhanh - Compliant gluten-free children with celiac disease: an evaluation of psychological distress

Malaria risk exists in Myanmar throughout the year: 29% of the population live in high risk areas, 24% in moderate risk areas and 18% in low risk areas. Apart from those living in endemic areas, a major risk group are non-immune adult migrants in forest areas who work in gem mining, logging, agriculture, plantations and construction. The full extent of the burden of malarial disease is likely to be higher than records indicate due to a poor reporting system. The disease is endemic in 284 townships out of 324. One hundred of these townships account for 53% of the. | Mazzone et al. BMC Pediatrics 2011 11 46 http 1471 -2431 11 46 BMC Pediatrics RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Compliant gluten-free children with celiac disease an evaluation of psychological distress 1 1 2 1 2 1 Luigi Mazzone Laura Reale Massimo Spina Manuela Guarnera Elena Lionetti Serena Martorana and Domenico Mazzone1 Abstract Background Children with chronic illnesses are known to have increased risks for emotional and behavioral problems. In the present study children and adolescent suffering from celiac disease CD were compared with healthy controls to assess differences in the psychological profile. Methods A total of 100 well-treated and compliant CD patients 65 females 35 males age mean SD were compared to 100 normal controls 58 females 42 males age mean SD . Emotional and behavioral problems were assessed by the Child Behavior Checklist CBCL the Children s Depression Inventory CDI and the Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children MASC . Results Subjects with CD self-reported an increased rate of anxiety and depression symptoms and showed higher scores in harm avoidance and somatic complaints in the CBCL parent-report questionnaire as compared to healthy control subjects. Furthermore gender differences could be observed in the group of CD patients with males displaying significantly higher CBCL externalizing scores in social thought and attention problems as compared to female who in turns showed more prominent internalizing symptoms such as depression. Conclusions The increased rate of emotional and behavioral problems in children and adolescent with CD emphasizes the importance of an early detection of mental health problems in these children. Background Celiac disease CD is an autoimmune enteropathy characterized by intolerance to dietary gluten. The clinical spectrum of celiac disease is extremely wide varying in onset duration and severity of the disease and the compliance to a gluten-free diet is also .