tailieunhanh - ECOTOXICOLOGY: A Comprehensive Treatment - Chapter 36 (end)

CÁC VẤN ĐỀ . . . sinh viên khoa học chấp nhận lý thuyết về thẩm quyền của giáo viên và văn bản, không phải vì bằng chứng. (Kuhn 1977) Ngoại trừ trong lời giới thiệu thường xuyên của họ, sách giáo khoa khoa học không mô tả các loại của các vấn đề mà chuyên nghiệp có thể được yêu cầu để giải quyết và sự đa dạng của kỹ thuật sẵn sàng cho giải pháp của họ. Thay vào đó, những cuốn sách này thể hiện các giải pháp vấn đề cụ thể mà nghề nghiệp đã đến để. | Part VI Ecotoxicology A Comprehensive Treatment Conclusion 2008 by Taylor Francis Group LLC 36 Conclusion OVERARCHING ISSUES . science students accept theories on the authority of teacher and text not because of evidence. Kuhn 1977 Except in their occasional introductions science textbooks do not describe the sorts of problems that the professional may be asked to solve and the variety of techniques available for their solution. Rather these books exhibit concrete problem solutions that the profession has come to accept as paradigms . however students must we say learn to recognize and evaluate problems to which no unequivocal solution has been given they must be supplied with an arsenal of techniques for approaching these future problems . . Kuhn 1977 So what is left to say The twin goals of differentiation and integration see Section were attained in Chapters 1 through 35. Facts and paradigms1 relevant at each level of the biological hierarchy were presented and then interconnected as much as presently possible. Relative to the conduct of normal science 2 this will foster the determination of significant fact matching of facts with theory and articulation of theory Kuhn 1970 at all relevant scales. Hopefully an appropriate balance was achieved by including more ecology than usually found in ecotoxicology primers. The imbalance between autecotoxicological and synecotoxicological themes is generally recognized as an important shortcoming of ecotoxicology as currently practiced . Cairns 1984 1989 Chapman 2002 . A more congruent treatment was also attempted by including relevant human effects information rather than taking the contrived approach of asking humans to step out of the picture when discussing human influences on the biosphere. As justifying examples discussion of multidrug resistance transporter proteins Chapter 3 inflammation Chapter 4 endocrine modifiers Chapter 5 Seyle s General Adaptation Syndrome Chapter 9 and human epidemiology metrics .