tailieunhanh - ECOTOXICOLOGY: A Comprehensive Treatment - Chapter 33

Các nền kinh tế của Trái đất sẽ gặp rắc rối dừng lại mà không có các dịch vụ của hệ thống sinh thái hỗ trợ sự sống. . . . (Costanza et al 1997) chức năng liên kết hệ sinh thái đa dạng sinh học dường như là một khái niệm mà sự nhiệt tình nhiều giá trị hơn bằng chứng hỗ trợ. (Schwartz et al 2000) 33,1 GIỚI THIỆU Một đặc trưng cơ bản của hầu hết các hệ thống sinh học là sự đa dạng đáng chú ý của họ. Kế toán của chúng tôi đa dạng toàn cầu. | 33 Patterns and Processes The Relationship between Species Diversity and Ecosystem Function The economies of the Earth would grind to a halt without the services of ecological life-support systems . . Costanza et al. 1997 The biodiversity-ecosystem function linkage appears to be another concept for which enthusiasm outweighs supportive evidence. Schwartz et al. 2000 INTRODUCTION A fundamental characteristic of most biological systems is their remarkable diversity. Our accounting of global diversity should not be restricted to the large number of species inhabiting the biosphere estimated to be between 10 and 100 million Wilson 1999 but should also include the genetic variation residing within each species as well as the functional diversity of processes for which they are responsible. The rapid loss of genetic species and functional diversity resulting from habitat destruction exotic species climate change overharvesting chemical stressors and other sources of anthropogenic disturbance is a significant environmental concern with global consequences. Arguments for the protection of biological diversity have traditionally been based on moral or aesthetic perspectives. However researchers and policymakers are becoming increasingly aware that species also provide ecological goods and services that are essential for human welfare. In this chapter we describe theoretical and empirical evidence that supports the hypothesis that species diversity controls ecosystem function describe the limitations in our understanding of this relationship and discuss the implications for ecotoxicology. Because of the controversy surrounding the significance of the diversity-ecosystem function relationship and its practical importance in managing ecosystems the topic has received considerable attention in the ecological literature. The recent comprehensive review published by Hooper et al. 2005 is especially noteworthy because coauthors included both proponents and critics of the .