tailieunhanh - ECOTOXICOLOGY: A Comprehensive Treatment - Chapter 12

Sự xuất hiện của chất độc sinh thái như là một kỷ luật thống nhất có lẽ là độc đáo ở chỗ nó kết hợp các khía cạnh của chất độc và sinh thái, cả hai đều và bản thân khoa học tổng hợp. . . . Hóa chất có thể ảnh hưởng đến mọi cấp của tổ chức sinh học (phân tử, tế bào, mô, bộ phận cơ thể, hệ thống cơ quan, sinh vật, quần thể, cộng đồng) có trong hệ sinh thái. Bất kỳ một trong những cấp độ này là một đơn vị tiềm năng của. | Part III Population Ecotoxicology The emergence of ecological toxicology as a coherent discipline is perhaps unique in that it combines aspects of toxicology and ecology both of which are in and of themselves synthetic sciences . . Chemicals may affect every level of biological organization molecules cells tissues organs organ systems organisms populations communities contained in ecosystems. Any one of these levels is a potential unit of study for the field as are the interdependent structures and relationships within and between levels. Maciorowski 1988 A central concern of ecotoxicologists is toxicant impact on populations. Population concerns were highlighted in the first ecotoxicology textbook Moriarty 1983 . Population consequences are implicitly at the core of regulatory concerns about toxicant impact. Traditionally information generated for assessing ecological risk was extracted with an autecological emphasis despite the acknowledged need of prediction of population effects Barnthouse et al. 1987 . During the late 1970s and into the early 1980s this incongruity between information that was required to assess population consequences and available information began to be addressed effectively by more and more ecotoxicologists. Today population ecotoxicology is emerging as a central research theme and is more commonly applied in assessments of exposure consequences. Excellent books are emerging on this topic . Kammenga and Laskowski 2000 . This being the case it is important that the practicing regulator and advanced student understand the essentials of population ecotoxicology. Fostering such an understanding is the goal of this section. REFERENCES Barnthouse . Suter . II Rosen . and Beauchamp . Estimating responses of fish populations to toxic contaminants Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 6 811-824 1987. Kammenga J. and Laskowski R. eds. Demography in Ecotoxicology John Wiley Sons Chichester UK 2000. Maciorowski . Populations and communities .