tailieunhanh - AQUATIC EFFECTS OF ACIDIC DEPOSITION - CHAPTER 9

Đoán trước khả năng Việc xử lý các mô hình toán học trong chương này, và trong suốt cuốn sách này, là hầu như chỉ tập trung vào mô hình của axit hóa của nước ngầm ở lưu vực (MAGIC, Cosby et al., 1985a, b). Điều này không phải là để ngụ ý rằng MAGIC nhất thiết phải là các acid-base mô hình hóa học tốt nhất hoặc chính xác nhất. Có một vài lý do cho sự thiên vị này trong điều trị các phương pháp tiếp cận mô hình ủng hộ MAGIC cho các mục đích của cuốn sách. | 9_ Predictive Capabilities The treatment of mathematical modeling in this chapter and throughout this book is focused almost exclusively on the Model of Acidification of Groundwater in Catchments MAGIC Cosby et al. 1985a b . This is not to imply that MAGIC is necessarily the best or most accurate acid-base chemistry model available. There are several reasons for this bias in treatment of modeling approaches in favor of MAGIC for the purposes of this book 1. MAGIC is the most widely used acid-base chemistry model in the . and Europe. 2. Because the model is highly generalized it does not have extensive input data requirements and therefore can be applied to a large number of potential sites without incurring inordinate costs associated with data collection. 3. In part because of the second reason MAGIC has been extensively tested against independent databases thereby providing an excellent example of the iterative processes of model testing and refinement that all environmental models should go through. 4. The author has far more personal experience with MAGIC than with other models. In recent years a number of models have been developed to simulate N dynamics in forested ecosystems and N has recently been added in various ways to MAGIC. Several of these N models are discussed at the end of this chapter. A number of acid-base chemistry models have been developed that focus on S-driven acidification. Three primary models were used in EPA s Direct Delayed Response Project DDRP Church et al. 1989 to project surface water acidification response MAGIC the Integrated Lake Watershed Acidification Study model ILWAS Gherini et al. 1985 and the Trickle Down Model Lin and Schnoor 1986 . In addition the Internal Alkalinity Generation IAG model Baker and Brezonik 1988 was used to generate projections for seepage lakes in the NAPAP Assessment. These and other models were reviewed by Thornton et al. 1990 and Eary et al. 1989 . 197 2000