tailieunhanh - AQUATIC EFFECTS OF ACIDIC DEPOSITION - CHAPTER 12 (END)

Acid anion tích điện âm ion không phản ứng với các ion hydro trong phạm vi pH của hầu hết các vùng nước tự nhiên. Acid-base hóa học phản ứng của axit (các nhà tài trợ proton) với cơ sở (proton chất nhận). Trong bối cảnh của cuốn sách này, điều này có nghĩa là phản ứng của axit tự nhiên và con người và các căn cứ, kết quả được mô tả về độ pH và axit vô hiệu hóa năng lực của hệ thống. Acid-ion hydro hoặc cation kim loại ion có thể thủy phân nước để tạo. | Definitions Acid anion Negatively charged ion that does not react with hydrogen ion in the pH range of most natural waters. Acid-base chemistry The reaction of acids proton donors with bases proton acceptors . In the context of this book this means the reactions of natural and anthropogenic acids and bases the result of which is described in terms of pH and acid neutralizing capacity of the system. Acid cation Hydrogen ion or metal ion that can hydrolyze water to produce hydrogen ions for example ionic forms of aluminum manganese and iron. Acid mine drainage Runoff with high concentrations of metals and sulfate and high levels of acidity resulting from the oxidation of sulfide minerals that have been exposed to air and water by mining activities. Acid neutralizing capacity ANC The equivalent capacity of a solution to neutralize strong acids. The components of ANC include weak bases carbonate species dissociated organic acids alumino-hydroxides borates and silicates and strong bases primarily OH- . In the National Surface Water Survey as well as in most other recent studies of acid-base chemistry of surface waters ANC was measured by the Gran titration procedure. Acidic deposition Transfer of acids and acidifying compounds from the atmosphere to terrestrial and aquatic environments via rain snow sleet hail cloud droplets particles and gas exchange. Acidic episode An episode in a water body in which acidification of surface water to an acid neutralizing capacity less than or equal to zero occurs. Acidic lake or stream A lake or stream in which the acid neutralizing capacity is less than or equal to zero. Acidification The decrease of acid neutralizing capacity in water or base saturation in soil caused by natural or anthropogenic processes. Paleolimnologists use this term to specify diatom-inferred decrease in pH because ANC is not often reconstructed using diatoms. 309 2000 by CRC Press LLC 310 Aquatic Effects of Acidic Deposition Acidified Pertaining to a natural .