tailieunhanh - The Nature of Disease: Pathology for the Health Professions_2

joined the academic community after a career in private practice, the classroom was an alien place to me. I puzzled over the fact that the students I taught, who were of the very highest quality, still had trouble grasping the topics. I began to pay more critical attention to the textbooks I had selected for them, and I quickly learned the student perspective of most pathology texts: they are difficult to read. Most pathology books are compilations written by multiple authors, each with a certain writing style and with differing views about the relative importance of things. The style is generally stilted and formal—the text doesn’t flow, and the reading is bare. | CHAPTER 16 Diseases of the Liver and Biliary Tract This chapter begins with a review of the normal anatomy and physiology of the liver and biliary tract. Diseases and disorders discussed include cirrhosis hepatitis alcoholic and metabolic liver disease gallstones and other gallbladder disease and cancers of the liver and biliary tract. BACK TO BASICS Liver Anatomy Liver Function THE LIVER RESPONSE TO INJURY Anatomic Patterns of Liver Injury Functional Patterns of Liver Injury CIRRHOSIS Anatomic Types of Cirrhosis The Pathophysiology of Cirrhosis Clinical Features of Cirrhosis VIRAL HEPATITIS Clinicopathologic Syndromes Hepatitis A Virus HAV Infection Hepatitis B Virus HBV Infection Hepatitis C Virus HCV Infection Hepatitis D Virus HDV Infection Hepatitis E Virus HEV Infection The Anatomic Pathology of Hepatitis AUTOIMMUNE HEPATITIS LIVER ABSCESS TOXIC LIVER INJURY ALCOHOLIC LIVER DISEASE Fatty Liver Alcoholic Hepatitis Alcoholic Cirrhosis INHERITED METABOLIC AND PEDIATRIC LIVER DISEASE Hemochromatosis Wilson Disease Hereditary Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency Neonatal Cholestasis Biliary Atresia and Hepatitis Reye Syndrome DISEASE OF INTRAHEPATIC BILE DUCTS Primary Biliary Cirrhosis Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis CIRCULATORY DISoRdERS TUMORS OF THE LIVER Primary Carcinomas of the Liver Cholangiocarcinoma DISEASES OF THE GALLBLADDER AND EXTRAHEPATIC BILE DUCTS Diseases of the Gallbladder Diseases of Extrahepatic Bile Ducts Learning Objectives After studying this chapter you should be able to 1. Trace the flow of blood through the liver 2. Name the major functions of the liver 3. Explain the enterohepatic circulation 4. Name the major functional reactions of the liver to injury 5. Explain the difference between conjugated and unconjugated bilirubin 6. Name one cause of unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia and one of conjugated hyperbilirubinemia 7. Define cirrhosis and name the two most common causes 8. Explain why cirrhosis causes portal hypertension 9. Name two .