tailieunhanh - Overview of Water Environmental Pollution in Vietnam

Non-point source controls washed off fields is the largest source of agricultural pollution in the United States. Farmers may utilize to reduce runoff flows and retain soil on their fields. Common techniques include contour plowing, crop mulching, crop rotation, planting perennial crops and installing riparian buffers. Nutrients nitrogen and phosphorus are typically applied to farmland as commercial fertilizer; animal manure; or spraying of municipal or industrial waste water (effluent) or sludge. Nutrients may also enter runoff from crop residues, irrigation water, wildlife, and atmospheric deposition. Farmers can develop and implement nutrient management plans to reduce excess application. | Overview of Water Environmental Pollution in Vietnam Nguyen Thi Hue Institute of Environmental Technology IET Vietnamese Academy of Science and Technology VSAT . 18-Hoang Quoc Viet R. Caugiay distr. Hanoi Vietnam Tel 04 7 911 654 Fax 04 7 911 203 Email nthue2003@ Abstract Many rivers are choked with contamination and untreated waste from craft villages and industrial production zones in Vietnam. Most of the monitored rivers are found to be polluted with substances like N and P from 4 to nearly 200 fold compared with water resource of type A in and from 2 to 20 times in comparison with water source of type B in Vietnamese Standard limit. 20 of the old industrial enterprises have renovated and modernized their production technologies. 90 of the old enterprises do not have any wastewater treatment system and most of the old industrial zones do not have a central wastewater treatment plant. Wastewater is directly discharged into lake pond and river causing serious pollution of surface water quality. The water resource management is facing a some problems. Although law on water resources was enacted and came into force since 1 st January 1999 but it had not been implemented in direct contact with enterprises companies which the cause of pollution. The polluted water resource not only affect the present generation but also future generations. If the situation continues fish and other creatures will die and become extinct causing irreversible damage to Vietnam s ecological system. Keywords surface water ground water pollution. Surface water quality For river Viet Nam country has 2360 rivers with a length of more than 10 km. The total area in- and outside Viet Nam of all international catchments is close to mill. km2 which is approximately 3 times the size of Viet Nam. The rivers flowing through Viet Nam include many international rivers such as Mekong and Red rivers. The monitored data for 4 rivers running the main urban of Vietnam as Red river Hanoi Cam .