tailieunhanh - Báo cáo lâm nghiệp: "Spatio-temporal patterns of the Norway spruce decline in the Beskid Śląski and Żywiecki (Western Carpathians) in southern Poland"

Tuyển tập những bài báo cáo nghiên cứu khoa học hay nhất được đăng trên tạp chí JOURNAL OF FOREST SCIENCE đề tài: Spatio-temporal patterns of the Norway spruce decline in the Beskid Śląski and Żywiecki (Western Carpathians) in southern Poland. | JOURNAL OF FOREST SCIENCE 53 2007 Special Issue 38-44 Spatio-temporal patterns of the Norway spruce decline in the Beskid Slạski and Zywiecki Western Carpathians in southern Poland W. Grodzki Department of Forest Management in Mountain Regions Forest Research Institute Cracow Poland ABSTRACT A dramatic forest decline due to the bark beetle outbreak which occurs in the Norway spruce stands in the Western Beskidy southern Poland since 2003 was started after severe physiological drought during winter time. An analysis describing some spatio-temporal characteristics of this process with special regard to the patterns of bark beetle occurrence related to root fungal diseases is presented. In 2003 the bark beetle occurrence level assessed as high and catastrophic was recorded on 40 of the area while in 2006 - on 59 . The range of Armillaria root disease and bark beetle outbreak increased towards higher altitudes including the zone above 1 000 m . The wind damage in 2004 and 2007 and high temperatures in the summer 2006 further stimulated the increase in bark beetle populations level. Some conclusions on possible development of the outbreak and recommendations concerning related needs in forest protection are given. Keywords Picea abies L. Karst. bark beetles mountain forests spatial analysis Mountain Norway spruce Picea abies L. Karst. stands are exposed to a number of injurious factors with varied duration and intensity of impact. These factors can be of specific nature related to the specific properties of stands or the site conditions or of more general one arising from and or manifested by a health crisis of stands. Among the most important ones some abiotic - such as the drought or extreme temperatures and biotic - mainly tree diseases and insect pests should be mentioned. It concerns all mountain forests including the area of the Beskidy Mts. Beskid Slạski in the northern Beskid Zywiecki in the southern part of the area described in this paper located in the .