tailieunhanh - Technology, Knowledge and the Firm Implications for Strategy and Industrial Change PHẦN 9

Đối với công nghệ truy cập, các thành viên của các mạng cá nhân (thường là các đối tác, đồng nghiệp hoặc người giám sát cựu nghiên cứu) mình có thể là mục tiêu cho sự hợp tác, cung cấp truy cập đến các mạng khoa học của mình, hoặc hành động như tăng cường sự tín nhiệm. Vai trò này đã được thực hiện cụ thể là các nhà khoa học có uy tín mà các công ty gia nhập ban cố vấn là không chính thức | 230 Innovation and firm strategy manuscripts and partial dissemination of research results imposing strict conditions on accessing research material and outcomes and enforcing delays in publication. Given the strategic nature of corporate research and the importance of intellectual property rights these publications should mainly be seen in the light of corporate business strategies. Zucker et al. 1998 asked how a firm s linkages to scientific networks affects its overall economic performance and more specifically its technological progress particularly in instances when novel technologies are science-based. With respect to the role of research publications in these linkages it has been argued that particularly in periods when there is a shift in the technological paradigm to one closely linked to science publications by the leading firms are crucial for mobilizing relevant in-house research and external research to make a successful transition. Whatever explains corporate scientific publishing it is obvious that publishing is not the main purpose of corporate researchers and engineers and firms publish many fewer research articles than comparable public sector institutions universities research institutes and government laboratories with the same research resources and working in the same fields of science. Moreover if firms do decide to publish many of these papers are likely to be co-authored with researchers in the public sector. In the case of joint research partnerships with public sector organizations the corporate sector is bound to apply slightly different knowledge management considerations and strategies in view of dissemination-oriented research missions their incentive structures and intellectual property rights IPR policies of their partners in the public sector. Corporate sponsors of public research engaged in contract-based formal cooperation will often negotiate the first rights of refusal to the fruits of research and the scientists must delay .