tailieunhanh - Reducing Air Pollution from Urban Transport

All subjects interviewed received the first draft of the Apheis 2 report, which included a compilation of findings section and a sample city report. Subjects were then asked to rate the documents on scientific soundness, trustworthiness, relevance of content to their needs, and organization and presentation of information. All subjects interviewed in Spain rated the Apheis documents favorably to very favorably overall, and rated them slightly better than did the subjects interviewed in London. Subjects in London active in the environment sector found the Apheis 2 draft report to be more useful than did those active in the public-health sector, contrary to subjects in Spain, where subjects. | Reducing Air Pollution from Urban Transport Ken Gwilliam Masami Kojima and Todd Johnson THE WORLD BANK Copyright 2004 The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development THE WORLD BANK 1818 H Street . Washington . 20433 . Telephone 202-473-1000 Internet All rights reserved Manufactured in the United States of America Published June 2004 The findings interpretations and conclusions expressed here do not necessarily reflect the views of the Board of Executive Directors of the World Bank or the governments they represent. The World Bank cannot guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this publication and accepts no responsibility for any consequence of their use. The boundaries colors denominations and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply on the part of the World Bank any judgment of the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Cover Todd Johnson 2004 Shanghai China. Contents List of Abbreviations Acronyms and Executive A Framework for Decisionmaking .xvii Policy Instruments for Reducing Transport Emissions and Reducing Human 1. The Context of the The Air Quality Problem in Developing Transport as a Source of Air Pollution Levels and Global Climate Urban Transport Policy in Developing The Policy 2. A Systematic Approach to Controlling Urban Air Pollution from Mobile A Framework for Air Quality Monitoring and The Determinants of Transport Assessing Air Pollution Mitigation Cost-Effectiveness The Results of Analysis of Air Pollution Appraising Instruments A Structure for Policy 3. Reducing Emissions per Unit of Fuel Cleaner Maintaining Fuel Alternative .