tailieunhanh - Electricity Restructuring and Regional Air Pollution

In the Appendix, we compare the distributions of deaths by cause and by age for the NDMC and the National Capital Territory of Delhi. The distributions of deaths by cause are similar, with between 20 and 25 percent of all medically certified deaths attributable to causes associated with air pollution (respiratory illnesses and cardiovascular disease). Roughly the same percentage of deaths are attributable to infectious diseases and to perinatal causes. The distribution of deaths by age group differs somewhat between the NDMC and the National Capital Territory. Forty-three percent of deaths in the NDMC occur before the age of five, compared. | Electricity Restructuring and Regional Air Pollution Karen Palmer Dallas Burtraw Discussion Paper 96-17-REV2 July 1996 Resources for the Future 1616 P Street NW Washington DC 20036 Telephone 202-328-5000 Fax 202-939-3460 1996 Resources for the Future. All rights reserved. No portion of this paper may be reproduced without permission of the authors. Discussion papers are research materials circulated by their authors for purposes of information and discussion. They have not undergone formal peer review or the editorial treatment accorded RFF books and other publications. -ii- Electricity Restructuring and Regional Air Pollution Karen Palmer and Dallas Burtraw Resources for the Future July 1996 RESEARCH SUMMARY This paper investigates the regional air pollution effects that could result from new opportunities for inter-regional power transmission in the wake of more competitive electricity markets. The regional focus is important because of great regional variation in the vintage efficiency and plant utilization rates of existing generating capacity as well as differences in emission rates cost of generation and electricity price. Increased competition in generation could open the door to changes in the regional profile of generation and emissions. We characterize the key determinant of changes in electricity generation and transmission as the relative cost of electricity among neighboring regions. In general low cost regions are expected to export power generated by existing coal-fired facilities to higher cost regions. The key determinant of how much additional power would be traded is the uncommitted electricity transfer capability between regions including its possible future expansion. The changes in emissions of NOx and CO2 that result are modeled as a function of the average emission rate for each pollutant in each region coupled with assumptions about the extent of displacement of nuclear or coal-fired generation in the importing regions. Finally we employ an

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