tailieunhanh - Ancillary Benefits of Reduced Air Pollution in the United States from Moderate Greenhouse Gas Mitigation Policies in the Electricity Sector

Because time-series studies focus on a given geographic location over a number of years, factors that are often thought to influence the health of the population, such as percentage of smokers, income level, occupational exposure to pollutants, access to medical care and age distribution, do not need to be incorporated into the analysis as they are considered to remain relatively constant within the study area over time. Typically, the only other factors aside from pollution included in these models are weather variables and seasonal controls. In measuring the effects of air pollution, most attention has been focussed on particulates, especially those particles. | Ancillary Benefits of Reduced Air Pollution in the United States from Moderate Greenhouse Gas Mitigation Policies in the Electricity Sector Dallas Burtraw Alan Krupnick Karen Palmer Anthony Paul Michael Toman and Cary Bloyd December 2001 Discussion Paper 01-61 RESOU RCES FOR THE FUTURE Resources for the Future 1616 P Street NW Washington . 20036 Telephone 202-328-5000 Fax 202-939-3460 Internet http 2001 Resources for the Future. All rights reserved. No portion of this paper may be reproduced without permission of the authors. Discussion papers are research materials circulated by their authors for purposes of information and discussion. They have not necessarily undergone formal peer review or editorial treatment. Ancillary Benefits of Reduced Air Pollution in the United States from Moderate Greenhouse Gas Mitigation Policies in the Electricity Sector Dallas Burtraw Alan Krupnick Karen Palmer Anthony Paul Michael Toman and Cary Bloyd Abstract This paper considers how moderate actions to slow atmospheric accumulation of greenhouse gases from fossil fuel use also could reduce conventional air pollutants in the United States. The benefits that result would be ancillary to greenhouse gas abatement. Moreover the benefits would tend to accrue locally and in the near term while benefits from reduced climate change mostly accrue globally and over a time frame of several decades or longer. The previous literature suggests that changes in nitrogen oxides NOx would be the most important consequence of moderate carbon policies. We calculate these changes in a detailed electricity model linked to an integrated assessment framework to value changes in human health. A tax of 25 per metric ton of carbon emissions would yield NOx related health benefits of about 8 per metric ton of carbon reduced in the year 2010 1997 dollars . Additional savings accrue from reduced investment in NOX and SO2 abatement in order to comply with emission caps. These savings sum to 4- 7 .

• Môi trường
• Incorporating Carbon
• Objectives for Plantation
• Irreversibility and Uncertainty
• Multifunctional
• Forest Management
• Ecoefficient Timber
• Decisional Autonomy
• Forest Utilization
• Economic Feasibility
• Logging Operations
• Owner Cooperative
• Agroforestry System
• misbehaving
• integrity of Eclectic
• ridiculous frailties
• scholarly attainments