tailieunhanh - Health Effects of the Fine Particulate Air Pollution: Lines that Connect

Both direct emission from fires and ash resuspension from burnt soils could be an important source of airborne PM10. This pyrogenic material, which is composed of organic matter, black carbon and inorganic material, is to a large extent present in the size range below 10 µm and so can be resuspended by wind [17]. Although the contribution to ambient aerosol from fire smoke will generally be episodic, in areas where there is a constant forest burning, the particulate emission from this source could be significant. Each year in Mediterranean countries about 50 000 fires are set (mostly by man) producing between 700 000 to 1 000. | 2006 CRITICAL REVIEW C. Arden Pope III Douglas W. Dockery ISSN 1047-3289 J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. 56 709-742 Copyright 2006 Air Waste Management Association Health Effects of Fine Particulate Air Pollution Lines that Connect C. Arden Pope III Department of Economics Brigham Young University Provo UT Douglas W. Dockery Department of Environmental Health Harvard School of Public Health Boston MA ABSTRACT Efforts to understand and mitigate the health effects of particulate matter PM air pollution have a rich and interesting history. This review focuses on six substantial lines of research that have been pursued since 1997 that have helped elucidate our understanding about the effects of PM on human health. There has been substantial progress in the evaluation of PM health effects at different time-scales of exposure and in the exploration of the shape of the concentration-response function. There has also been emerging evidence of PM-related cardiovascular health effects and growing knowledge regarding interconnected general pathophysiological pathways that link PM exposure with cardiopulmonary morbidity and mortality. Despite important gaps in scientific knowledge and continued reasons for some skepticism a comprehensive evaluation of the research findings provides persuasive evidence that exposure to fine particulate air pollution has adverse effects on cardiopulmonary health. Although much of this research has been motivated by environmental public health policy these results have important scientific medical and public health implications that are broader than debates over legally mandated air quality standards. INTRODUCTION Efforts to understand and mitigate the effects of air pollution on human health and welfare have a rich and interesting By the 1970s and 1980s attributed largely to earlier well-documented increases in morbidity and mortality from extreme air pollution episodes 4-12 the link between cardiopulmonary disease and very high .

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