tailieunhanh - THE FATAL CONCEIT The Errors of Socialism phần 7

Ngược lại, có nhiều điều để chỉ ra rằng những người nhằm mục đích chỉ đơn giản là lúc hạnh phúc sẽ có được choáng ngợp bởi những người chỉ muốn bảo vệ cuộc sống của họ. Trong khi truyền thống đạo đức của chúng ta có thể không được xây dựng, hợp lý hoặc thể hiện trong cách yêu cầu, quá trình hình thành có thể được một phần tái tạo, và khi làm như vậy | THE FATAL CONCEIT subjective revolution in economic theory of the 1870 s understanding of human creation was dominated by animism - a conception from which even Adam Smith s invisible hand provided only a partial escape until in the 1870 s the guide-role of competitively-determined market prices came to be more clearly understood. Yet even now outside the scientific examination of law language and the market studies of human affairs continue to be dominated by a vocabulary chiefly derived from animistic thinking. One of the most important examples comes from socialist writers. The more closely one scrutinises their work the more clearly one sees that they have contributed far more to the preservation than to the reformation of animistic thought and language. Take for instance the personification of society in the historicist tradition of Hegel Comte and Marx. Socialism with its society is indeed the latest form of those animistic interpretations of order historically represented by various religions with their gods . The fact that socialism is often directed against religion hardly mitigates this point. Imagining that all order is the result of design socialists conclude that order must be improvable by better design of some superior mind. For this socialism deserves a place in an authoritative inventory of the various forms of animism -such as that given in a preliminary way by E. E. Evans-Pritchard in his Theories of Primitive Religion 1965 . In view of the continuing influence of such animism it seems premature even today to agree with w. K. Clifford a profound thinker who already during Darwin s lifetime asserted that purpose has ceased to suggest design to instructed people except in cases where the agency of men is independently probable 1879 117 . The continuing influence of socialism on the language of intellectuals and scholars is evident also in descriptive studies of history and anthropology. As Braudel asks Who among US has not spoken about the class .