tailieunhanh - THE FATAL CONCEIT The Errors of Socialism phần 5

cũng thích hợp để các đối số của phần sau) một cách phổ biến của cố gắng để biện minh cho đạo đức, cần nhận thấy rằng không có điểm để giả định, như lý thuyết duy lý và chủ nghĩa khoái lạc của đạo đức, rằng đạo đức của chúng tôi là hợp lý đến mức độ nào, nói rằng đó là hướng đến việc sản xuất, hoặc phấn đấu sau đó, một số mục tiêu cụ thể như hạnh phúc. . | THE FATAL CONCEIT rather sophisticated moral system exists side by side in our extended order with the primitive theory of rationality and of science sponsored by constructivism scientism positivism hedonism and socialism. This does not speak against reason and science but against these theories of rationality and science and some of the practice thereof. All this begins to become evident when it is realised that nothing is justifiable in the way demanded. Not only is this so of morals but also of language and law and even science itself. That what I have just written applies to science too may be unfamiliar to some who are not informed of current advances and controversies within the philosophy of science. But it is indeed true not only that our current scientific laws are not justified or justifiable in the way that constructivist methodologists demand but that we have reason to suppose that we shall eventually learn that many of our present scientific conjectures are untrue. Any conception that guides us more successfully than what we hitherto believed may moreover although a great advance be in substance as mistaken as its predecessor. As we have learnt from Karl Popper 1934 1959 our aim must be to make our successive mistakes as quickly as possible. If we were meanwhile to abandon all present conjectures that we cannot prove to be true we would soon be back at the level of the savage who trusts only his instincts. Yet this is what all versions of scientism have advised - from Cartesian rationalism to modem positivism. Moreover while it is true that traditional morals etc. are not rationally justifiable this is also true of any possible moral code including any that socialists might ever be able to come up with. Hence no matter what rules we follow we will not be able to justify them as demanded so no argument about morals - or science or law or language - can legitimately turn on the issue of justification see Bartley 1962 1984 1964 1982 . If we stopped doing