tailieunhanh - Báo cáo sinh học: "Parasite immunomodulation and polymorphisms of the immune system"

Tuyển tập các báo cáo nghiên cứu về sinh học được đăng trên tạp chí sinh học Journal of Biology đề tài: Parasite immunomodulation and polymorphisms of the immune system. | Journal of Biology Minireview Parasite immunomodulation and polymorphisms of the immune system Rick M Maizels Address Centre for Immunity Infection and Evolution and Institute of Immunology and Infection Research University of Edinburgh Edinburgh EH9 3JT UK. Email Abstract Parasites are accomplished evaders of host immunity. Their evasion strategies have shaped every facet of the immune system driving diversity within gene families and immune gene polymorphisms within populations. New studies published recently in BMC Biology and Journal of Experimental Medicine document parasite-associated immunosuppression in natural populations and suggest that host genetic variants favoring resistance to parasites may be detrimental in the absence of infection. Parasites Parasites are eukaryotic pathogens and broadly comprise protozoa fungi helminths and arthropods Figure 1 that complete part or all of their life cycle within a host organism. Like other pathogens parasites must survive in the face of a highly potent immune system. They succeed in this through a great diversity of strategies for avoiding immune detection suppressing cellular immunity and deflecting immune attack mechanisms. It has been suggested that the need to overcome suppressive mechanisms of parasites may have led to compensatory adjustments in immune genes that in an environment where parasitic infection is not endemic may increase the likelihood of inappropriate responsiveness to self-antigens autoimmunity and environmental allergens allergy . This notion has become known as the hygiene hypothesis 1 . Two recent papers from Jackson et al. 2 and Fumagalli et al. 3 lend support to this hypothesis. The immune response to parasitic infection The first line of defense against parasites as with other pathogens is the innate immune system which is hardwired faithful to genomic sequence and primed even in the absence of infection. It is characterized by families of molecules - serum proteins