tailieunhanh - Báo cáo sinh học: " Oxidative stress, thermogenesis and evolution of uncoupling proteins"

Tuyển tập các báo cáo nghiên cứu về sinh học được đăng trên tạp chí sinh học Journal of Biology đề tài: Oxidative stress, thermogenesis and evolution of uncoupling proteins. | BioMed Central Journal of Biology Minireview Oxidative stress thermogenesis and evolution of uncoupling proteins Eduardo Rial and Rafael Zardoya1 Addresses Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas CSIC Ramiro de Maezu 9 28040 Madrid Spain. tMuseo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales CSIC Gutierrez Abascal 2 28006 Madrid Spain. Correspondence Eduardo Rial. Email rial@ Published 16 June 2009 doi jbiolI55 Journal of Biology 2009 8 58 The electronic version of this article is the complete one and can be found online at http content 8Z6 58 2009 BioMed Central Ltd Abstract The uncoupling protein UCPI provides eutherian mammals with an efficient thermogenic mechanism. Recent work published in BMC Evolutionary Biology following the identification of UCPI orthologs in non-eutherians concludes that this unique function appeared after sequence divergence and purifying selection that allowed functional co-option. Oxidative stress energy dissipation and thermogenesis Organisms living in an oxygen-rich environment have to overcome the dangers posed by highly reactive oxygenderived free radicals the so-called reactive oxygen species ROS . To protect against damage by ROS all biological systems have evolved complex antioxidant mechanisms composed of low molecular weight compounds such as glutathione and vitamin E and enzymes such as catalase superoxide dismutase or glutathione peroxidase. As the mitochondrial respiratory chain is probably the major site of ROS production and the rate of ROS formation increases when respiratory rates are low cells also evolved means of accelerating respiration and thus reducing the damage caused by free radicals. One such mechanism involves an increase in the permeability of the inner membrane of the mitochondrion so that protons pumped by the respiratory chain can return to the matrix. The uncoupling proteins UCPs a family of transporters belonging to the mitochondrial carrier protein superfamily which is found in all eukaryotic

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