tailieunhanh - Small Group Behaviour in a Virtual and Real Environment: A Comparative Study

A key goal of this research project was to assess the scope of coverage in shared print and shared digital repositories, with a view to understanding how the combined resources might enable a local reduction in redundant print inventory. For this reason, it was important to understand how much of the print storage collection in ReCAP is duplicated—or is likely to be duplicated—in the HathiTrust Digital Library. As of this writing, the shared ReCAP facility holds more than 8 million items contributed by the three partner libraries. Since the ReCAP collection is not currently visible as a discrete set of. | Small Group Behaviour in a Virtual and Real Environment A Comparative Study M. Slater A. Sadagic M. Usoh Department of Computer Science University College London UK R. Schroeder School of Technology Management and Economics Chalmers University S-412 96 Gothenburg Sweden Abstract This paper describes an experiment that compares behaviour in small groups when they carry out a task in a virtual environment VE and then continue the same task in a similar real-world environment. The purpose of the experiment was not to examine task performance but to compare various aspects of the social relations between the group members in the two environments. Ten groups of 3 people each who had never met before met first in a shared VE and carried out a task that required the identification and solution of puzzles presented on pieces of paper stuck around the walls of a room. The puzzle involved identifying that the same-numbered words across all the pieces of paper formed a riddle or saying . The group continued this task for 15 minutes and then stopped to answer a questionnaire. The group then reconvened in the real world and continued the same task. The experiment also required one of the group members to continually monitor a particular one of the others in order to examine whether social discomfort could be generated within a VE. In each group there was one immersed person with a head-mounted display and head-tracking and two non-immersed people who experienced the environment on a workstation display. The results suggest that the immersed person tended to emerge as leader in the virtual group but not in the real meeting. Group accord tended to be higher in the real meeting than in the virtual meeting. Socially conditioned responses such as embarrassment could be generated in the virtual meeting even though the individuals were presented to one another by very simple avatars. The study also found a positive relationship between presence of being in a place and co-presence that