tailieunhanh - Báo cáo y học: "Protein synthesis molecule by molecule"

Tuyển tập các báo cáo nghiên cứu về y học được đăng trên tạp chí y học Minireview cung cấp cho các bạn kiến thức về ngành y đề tài: Protein synthesis molecule by molecule. | Minireview Protein synthesis molecule by molecule Ido Golding and Edward C Cox Address Department of Molecular Biology Princeton University Princeton NJ 08544 USA. Correspondence Ido Golding. Email igolding@. Edward C Cox. Email ecox@ Published 20 June 2006 Genome Biology 2006 7 221 doi gb-2006-7-6-22l The electronic version of this article is the complete one and can be found online at http 2006 7 6 221 2006 BioMed Central Ltd Abstract Since the earliest days of molecular biology it has been known that even a seemingly uniform culture of bacteria is made up of cells very different from each other in terms of their levels of a given protein. This individuality has now finally been quantified at single-molecule resolution as reported in two recent papers. In 1953 Seymour Benzer asked the following question 1 when we induce p-galactosidase in a culture of Escherichia coli do all the cells make the enzyme or is there considerable heterogeneity in the population He could not measure the amount of enzyme in each cell directly so he infected cultures with a phage whose replication depended on p-galactosidase activity. The production of new phage can be detected on a cell-by-cell basis and became the measure of p-galactosidase concentration in each cell. Benzer found that there was considerable individuality in an induced population although how much he could not say nor could he identify its origins. This classic experiment has served to keep the question of cell individuality alive 2 3 and is often quoted but only recently have the tools become available to study transcription and translation in single living cells. It has recently become possible to follow individual RNA molecules as they are made 4-6 . The method depends however on an amplification scheme in which a single mRNA molecule binds around 50-100 molecules of green fluorescent protein GFP . The detection of single protein molecules in living cells seemed .