tailieunhanh - Lighting with Artificial Light 03

There is a simple recipe for preventing accidents: see and be seen. But vision is a complex process. Road lighting needs to take account of that. Daylight illuminance ranges from 5,000 to 100,000 lux (lx). On a moonlit night, it reaches lx at most. The fact that we can “see” over this vast brightness range is due to the eye’s ability to adapt. | Content In 2005 2 143 of 5 361 roads deaths in Germany occurred on quiet roads at night of the road users who were seriously injured were involved in accidents at twilight or after dark. Good road lighting improves visual performance and reduces accidents by an average of 30 . As illuminance increases the incidence of car theft burglaries physical and sexual assault and other forms of night crime sharply decreases. of 13W per person the electricity consumed by road lighting works out at just 55 kWh a person a year. Road lighting costs euros per person a year only euros of which is for electricity. Seeing and being seen 2 Bases for planning 6 Lighting management 9 Road lighting and costs 10 Road lighting and the environment 12 Road lighting and safety 14 A1 A2 A3 lighting situation roads 16 B1 B2 lighting situation roads 18 D3 D4 lighting situation roads 20 Conflict areas 22 Pedestrian crossings 23 Traffic-calmed zones E2 24 Cyclepaths C1 25 Pedestrian precincts and squares E1 26 Parks and gardens 28 Outdoor car parks D2 30 Station forecourts and bus stations D2 31 Tunnels and underpasses 32 Lamps 34 Luminaires 36 Standards and literature 38 Acknowledgements for photographs 39 Imprint 40 Information from Fordergemeinschaft Gutes Licht .