tailieunhanh - Báo cáo y học: "Using genomics to deliver natural products from symbiotic bacteria"

Tuyển tập các báo cáo nghiên cứu về y học được đăng trên tạp chí y học Wertheim cung cấp cho các bạn kiến thức về ngành y đề tài: Using genomics to deliver natural products from symbiotic bacteria. | Minireview Using genomics to deliver natural products from symbiotic bacteria Jon Clardy Address Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology Harvard Medical School 240 Longwood Avenue Boston MA 02115 USA. E-mail jon_clardy@ Published 31 August 2005 Genome Biology 2005 6 232 doi gb-2005-6-9-232 The electronic version of this article is the complete one and can be found online at http 2005 6 9 232 2005 BioMed Central Ltd Abstract The availability of some natural products with promising anticancer activity has been limited because they are synthesized by symbiotic bacteria associated with specific animals. Recent research has identified the clusters of bacterial genes responsible for their synthesis so that the molecules can be synthesized in alternative easily cultured bacteria. Natural products in chemistry and biology Natural products - small molecules derived from living organisms - have long been objects of fascination and utility and they have provided most of the motivation for developing organic chemistry 1 . An example is given by morphine the most active of the sleep-inducing compounds in opium which was isolated in pure form in 1806 but was known thousands of years earlier 2 . Collaboration between chemists and biologists led to the identification of the opioid receptor and the isolation of its endogenous ligands enkephalins . The story of morphine and related compounds has been repeated many times and natural-products research still contributes important small molecules to medicine. Between 2000 and 2003 15 new drugs derived from natural products were introduced for the treatment of disorders such as malaria fungal infections bacterial infections cancer blood clots premature labor infertility and stimulation of the central nervous system such as Alzheimer s disease 3 4 . Two recent papers 5 6 describe the identification and cloning of genes encoding the biosynthetic pathway of patellamide a .