tailieunhanh - AIR POLLUTION FROM GROUND TRANSPORTATION AN ASSESSMENT OF CAUSES, STRATEGIES AND TACTICS, AND PROPOSED ACTIONS FOR THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY

Unfortunately, the adverse effects of transportation have a greater impact on the natural and human environment than either spatial proximity or telecommunications. The basic technology used in transportation causes emissions of pollutants which have been proved, or are believed, to damage human health and plant life and to upset sensitive ecosystem balances. As a result of transport’s contribution to local pollution–which, worldwide, is responsible for about per cent of all deaths annually, and has recently been estimated as responsible for up to 6 per cent of all deaths annually in Europe (Künzli and others 2000)–social costs for. | AIR POLLUTION FROM GROUND TRANSPORTATION AN ASSESSMENT OF CAUSES STRATEGIES AND TACTICS AND PROPOSED ACTIONS FOR THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY by Roger Gorham The Global Initiative on Transport Emissions A Partnership of the United Nations and the World Bank Division for Sustainable Development Department of Economic and Social Affairs United Nations 2002 The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the status of any country territory city or area or of its authorities or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The views expressed in this document are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of the United Nations. Mention of firm names and commercial products does not imply the endorsement of the United Nations. References have wherever possible been verified. Reference to dollars are to United States dollars unless otherwise stated. ii AIR POLLUTION FROM GROUND TRANSPORTATION AN ASSESSMENT OF CAUSES STRATEGIES AND TACTICS AND PROPOSED ACTIONS FOR THE INTERNATIONAL .