tailieunhanh - Báo cáo y học: "Gene Ontology: looking backwards and forwards"

Tuyển tập các báo cáo nghiên cứu về y học được đăng trên tạp chí y học quốc tế cung cấp cho các bạn kiến thức về ngành y đề tài: Gene Ontology: looking backwards and forwards. | Opinion Gene Ontology looking backwards and forwards Suzanna E Lewis Address Department of Molecular and Cell Biology University of California 539 Life Sciences Addition Berkeley CA 94720-3200 USA. E-mail suzi@ Published 15 December 2004 Genome Biology 2004 6 103 The electronic version of this article is the complete one and can be found online at http 2004 6 l l03 2004 BioMed Central Ltd Abstract The Gene Ontology consortium began six years ago with a group of scientists who decided to connect our data by sharing the same language for describing it. Its most significant achievement lies in uniting many independent biological database efforts into a cooperative force. Long ago in the pre-genome era biological databases had to come to terms with a formidable amount of work. After Crick and Watson elucidated the structure of DNA the field of molecular biology exploded and an ever-increasing amount of information needed to be carefully managed and organized. This was particularly true after the invention of methods to sequence DNA in the late 1970s 1 2 and consequently the initiation of the genome sequencing programs in the late 1980s all of which led to an even faster acceleration of work in this field. Keeping pace with molecular developments were biological data-management efforts. These first began emerging in the 1960s when Margaret Dayhoff 3 published the Atlas of Protein Sequence and Structure 4 which later went online as the Protein Identification Resource PIR 5 . More than 30 years ago in the 1970s the first protein-structure database Protein Data Bank PDB 6 was founded 7 and the Jackson Laboratory developed the first mammalian genetics database 8 . A few years later the first depositories for nucleotide sequences were established - with the EMBL Data Library 9 beginning in 1981 10 at Heidelberg Germany and GenBank 11 in 1982 12 at Los Alamos New Mexico - followed soon afterwards by the formal establishment of the PIR in 1984 13