tailieunhanh - PREVENTING DISEASE THROUGH HEALTHY ENVIRONMENTS-Towards an estimate of the environmental burden of disease

A distinguishing feature of the water quality problem is that environmental damages— that is, the costs to society of pollution—are highly dependent on the location of pollution sources in the hydrological, social, and economic landscape. First, the demand for water quality varies from location to location. Some waterbodies are envisioned as pristine, where recreation and species support is the overriding concern. Other waterbodies, such as those in urban areas where industrial effluent and development-related runoff are practical facts of life, serve a more complex set of objectives. Second, a source’s location determines the way in which pollution. | Towards an estimate of the environmental burden of disease PREVENTING DISEASE THROUGH HEALTHY ENVIRONMENTS PREVENTING DISEASE THROUGH HEALTHY ENVIRONMENTS Towards an estimate of the environmental burden of disease A. Pruss-Ustun and C. Corvalán ỂắteịỊỊỉ World Health Organization WHO Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data Pruss-Ustun Annette. Preventing disease through healthy environments. Towards an estimate of the environmental burden of disease. Pruss-Ustun A Corvalán C. 1. Environmental monitoring. 2. Cost of illness. 3. Risk factors. I. Corvalán Carlos F. II. World Health Organization. ISBN 92 4 159382 2 NLM classification WA World Health Organization 2006 All rights reserved. Publications of the World Health Organization can be obtained from WHO Press World Health Organization 20 Avenue Appia 1211 Geneva 27 Switzerland tel 41 22 791 3264 fax 41 22 791 4857 email bookorders@ . Requests for permission to reproduce or translate WHO publications - whether for sale or for noncommercial distribution - should be addressed to WHO Press at the above address fax 41 22 791 4806 email permissions@ . The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country territory city or area or of its authorities or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the World Health Organization in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissions excepted the names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters. All reasonable precautions have been taken by the World Health Organization to verify the .