tailieunhanh - NATIONAL REPORT OF MALAYSIA ON THE FORMULATION OF A TRANSBOUNDARY DIAGNOSTIC ANALYSIS AND PRELIMINARY FRAMEWORK OF A STRATEGIC ACTION PROGRAMME FOR THE BAY OF BENGAL

Lean Thinking Brings Powerful Financial Incentives to Resource Conservation and Pollution Prevention Improvement. Pollution prevention adherents often advocate a “pollution prevention pays” theme to promote more sustainable production behavior. As well, pollution prevention guidance encourages facilities to examine the total costs of polluting behavior to ensure investment decisions are fairly and completely evaluated. This “Total Cost Assessment” approach, according to advocates, can produce a strong business case (., a return on investment commensurate with internal hurdle rate requirements) for pollution prevention. From a financial decision making standpoint, Lean brings to the resource conservation financial equation very. | UNEP UNITED NATIONS ENVIRONMENT PROGRAMME EAST ASIAN REGIONAL COORDINATING UNIT NATIONAL REPORT OF MALAYSIA On the Formulation of a Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis And Preliminary Framework of a Strategic Action Programme for the Bay of Bengal CONTENTS Page Chapter 1 NATIONAL REPORT OF MALAYSIA ON THE BAY OF 1 BENGAL LARGE MARINE ECOSYSTEM PROGRAMME 1. INTRODUCTION 1 AIM OF REPOR T 1 MAJOR WATER-RELATED ENVIRONMENTAL 1 PROBLEMS Air-Related Environmental Problems 2 COUNTRY BACKGROUND 4 Chapter 2 DETAILED ANALYSIS OF MAJOR WATER-RELATED 15 CONCERNS AND PRINCIPAL ISSUES POLLUTION 15 Rivers 15 Sedimentation 17 Industrial Waste 17 Domestic Waste 18 Agricultural and Livestock Waste 19 Heavy Metals 20 MARINE POLLUTION 20 Ports Harbours and Marine Transport 20 Small Vessel Operation and Discharge 22 Aquaculture Effluents 23 Domestic Discharge from Coastal Population 23 Land Reclamation 25 FRESHWATER SHORTAGE AND DEGRADATION OF 26 QUALITY Surface Water 26 Surface Water Demand and Supply 26 Groundwater 28 Water Related Issues and Problems 29 Sensitive and High Risk Areas 31 EXPLOITATION OF Living aquatic resources 32 Living Freshwater Resources 35 Living Marine Resources 38 Marine Capture Fisheries 38 Impact of Man-based Activities on Freshwater and 49 Marine Ecosystems Chapter 3 ANALYSIS OF SOCIO AND ECONOMIC COSTS OF 51 IDENTIFIED WATER-RELATED PRINCIPAL ENVIROMENTAL ISSUES Chapter 4 ANALYSIS OF THE ROOT CAUSE OF IDENTIFIED 55 WATER-RELATED ISSUES i CONTENT Page Chapter 5 CONSTRAINTS TO ACTION 58 INSTITUTIONAL PROBLEMS 58 LACK OF CAPACITY TO IMPLEMENT POLICIES AND ENFORCE REGULATIONS 59 INADEQUATE CENTRAL SEWAGE SYS TEM AND TREATMENT FACILITIES 60 INTEGRATED RIVER BASIN MANAGEMENT IRBM APPROACH 61 PUBLIC AWARENESS ON WATER CONSERVATION 62 COASTAL POLLUTION 63 INTEGRATED COASTAL ZONE .