tailieunhanh - EBook: Air pollution during the 2003 European heat wave as seen by MOZAIC airliners

As concerns P, the most common approach is to simply use total population levels. However, as MacKellar et al. (1995) and others have pointed out, it is not a priori clear that only the individual, rather than, say, households or communities, is the relevant demographic unit. To this one can add that a whole range of other demographic factors beyond simple population levels might also impact on emissions. For example, the impact on emissions could differ across age groups, likely reflecting a number of issues, including consumption habits and patterns, work and leisure activ- ities and attitudes to environmental issues (Tonn, Waidley & Petrich, 2001). One would expect that. | Atmos. Chem. Phys. 8 2133-2150 2008 8 2133 2008 Author s 2008. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons License. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Air pollution during the 2003 European heat wave as seen by MOZAIC airliners M. Tressol1 C. Ordonez1 R. Zbinden1 J. Brioude2 V. Thouret1 C. Mari1 P. Nedelec1 . Cammas1 H. Smit3 . Patz3 and A. Volz-Thomas3 1Laboratoire d Aerologie UMR 5560 CNRS Universite de Toulouse 14 Avenue E. Belin 31400 Toulouse France 2Chemical Sciences Division Earth System Research Laboratory NOAA Boulder Colorado USA 3Institut fur Chemie und Dynamik der Geosphare II Troposphare Forschungszentrum Julich Julich Germany Received 17 September 2007 - Published in Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss. 13 November 2007 Revised 4 March 2008 - Accepted 14 March 2008 - Published 15 April 2008 Abstract. This study presents an analysis of both MOZAIC profiles above Frankfurt and Lagrangian dispersion model simulations for the 2003 European heat wave. The comparison of MOZAIC measurements in summer 2003 with the 11-year MOZAIC climatology reflects strong temperature anomalies exceeding 4 C throughout the lower troposphere. Higher positive anomalies of temperature and negative anomalies of both wind speed and relative humidity are found for the period defined here as the heat wave 2-14 August 2003 compared to the periods before 16-31 July 2003 and after 16-31 August 2003 the heat wave. In addition Lagrangian model simulations in backward mode indicate the suppressed long-range transport in the mid- to lower troposphere and the enhanced southern origin of air masses for all tropospheric levels during the heat wave. Ozone and carbon monoxide also present strong anomalies both 40 ppbv during the heat wave with a maximum vertical extension reaching 6 km altitude around 11 August 2003. Pollution in the planetary boundary layer PBL is enhanced during the day with ozone mixing ratios two times higher than climatological values. This is due

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