tailieunhanh - Water pollution and habitat degradation in the Gulf of Thailand

They find that the elasticity of CO2 emissions and energy are close to unity (., a 1% increase in population leads to an approximately 1% increase in CO2 emissions). They do not estimate how these elasticities may vary with population levels. All of these results are based on cross-sectional data for 1 year only. Finally, Shi (2003), again in the context of the IPAT model, uses a panel of cross-sectional and time series data. Shi finds population elas- ticities for CO2 of between and , depending on the model used, but does not examine how these may vary with different population levels. While a step in the. | Available online at PERGAMON Marine Pollution Bulletin 47 2003 43-51 locate marpolbul Water pollution and habitat degradation in the Gulf of Thailand Voravit Cheevaporn a Piamsak Menasveta b a Department of Aquatic Science Burapha University Bangsaen Chonburi 20131 Thailand b Department of Marine Science Chulalongkorn University Phyathai Bangkok 10330 Thailand Abstract The Gulf of Thailand has been a major marine resource for Thai people for a long time. However recent industrialization and community development have exerted considerable stress on the marine environments and provoked habitat degradation. The following pollution problems in the Gulf have been prioritized and are discussed in details 1 Untreated municipal and industrial waste water are considered to be the most serious problems of the country due to limited waste water treatment facilities in the area. 2 Eutrophication is an emerging problem in the gulf of Thailand. Fortunately the major species of phytoplankton that have been reported as the cause of red tide phenomena were non-toxic species such as Noctiluca sp. and Trichodesmium sp. 3 Few problems have been documented from trace metals contamination in the Gulf of Thailand and public health threat from seafood contamination does not appear to be significant yet. 4 Petroleum hydrocarbon residue contamination is not a problem although a few spills from small oil tankers have been recorded. A rapid decrease in mangrove forest coral reefs and fisheries resources due to mismanagement is also discussed. 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords Gulf of Thailand Waste water Oil Eutrophication Red tides l. Introduction Thailand lies in the tropical zone of Southeast Asia between latitudes 6O and 21o N and longitudes 98O and 106 E Fig. 1 . The country is bounded in the north west and east by mountain ranges and in the south by the South China Sea and the Andaman Sea with a total coastline of .

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• Brazilian rainforest
• species becomes
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• project reroutes
• Ferraris
• apart and reassemble
• rainforest
• rainfores