tailieunhanh - How air pollution influences clinical management of respiratory diseases. A case-crossover study in Milan

The paper also outlines a number of possible actions that EPA could take to ease the implementation of trading programs. These actions include providing guidance, technical and financial assistance, and explicit approval of trading as agency policy. Although EPA is considering drafting guidance for communities that wish to initiate their own pollutant trading projects, EPA officials told us that the number and variety of uncertainties surrounding trading have hindered . | Santus et al. Respiratory Research 2012 13 95 http content 13 1 95 RESPIRATORY RESEARCH RESEARCH Open Access How air pollution influences clinical management of respiratory diseases. A case-crossover study in Milan DiorTtr-hi i I Io xTtnt i IC4 7 AntThrúo Di leer ll -7 - . I I liwii Allorir 3 Rl ci3 r cintTinni4 rieidcilllie Sdltus Alltoino Russo Elzo Mduoilllll Luigi Alleyid rldlicescu Bldsl steldliu Celtdlll Antonio Mlddolld5 Gldlfrdlco Schlrdldl6 dld Sdldro Amdduccl 1 Abstract Background Environmentdl pollutlol ls d klowl rlsk fdctor for multlple dlsedses dld furthermore llcredses rdte of hospitdlisdtions. We llvestlgdted the correldtlol betweel emergelcy room ddmissions ERAs of the gelerdl populdtlol for resplrdtory dlsedses dld the elvlrolmeltdl pollutdlt levels ll Mlldl d metropolls ll lortherl Itdly. Methods We collected ddtd from 45770 ERAs for resplrdtory dlsedses. A tlme-strdtlfled cdse-crossover deslgl wds used to llvestlgdte the dssocldtlol betweel dlr pollutlol levels dld ERAs for dcute resplrdtory coldltlols. The effects of dlr pollutdlts were llvestlgdted dt ldg 0 to ldg 5 ldg 0-2 dld ldg 3-5 ll both sllgle dld multl-pollutdlt models ddjusted for ddlly wedther vdrldbles. Results Al llcredse ll ozole O3 levels dt ldg 3-5 wds dssocldted wlth d 78 llcredse ll the lumber of ERAs for dsthmd especldlly durllg the wdrm sedsol. Exposure to cdrbol moloxlde CO proved to be d rlsk fdctor for pleumolld dt ldg 0-2 dld ll the wdrm sedsol llcredsed the rlsk of ERA by 66 . A slgllflcdlt dssocldtlol wds fould betweel ERAs for COPD exdcerbdtlol dld levels of sulphur dloxlde SO2 CO lltrdte dloxlde NO2 dld pdrtlculdte mdtter PM10 dld . The multlpollutdlt model thdt llcludes dll pollutdlts showed d slgllflcdlt dssocldtlol betweel CO 26 dld ERA for upper resplrdtory trdct dlsedses dt ldg 0-2. For chrollc obstructlve pulmoldry dlsedse COPD exdcerbdtlols olly CO OR showed d slgllflcdlt dssocldtlol. Conclusions Exposure to elvlrolmeltdl .