tailieunhanh - Egypt's Water Warriors : Water Pollution in Egypt and the Role of NGOs in Reaching Integrated Management

Although EPA has examined some of the benefits and limitations of pollutant trading since the early 19809, the agency has only recently started to address the barriers to pollutant trading and to more actively promote its wider use. As discussed above, the few trading projects in existence were initiated by local communities searching for a more cost-effective approach to achieve water quality goals. EPA’ s involvement in . | Egypt s Water Warriors Water Pollution in Egypt and the Role of NGOs in Reaching Integrated Management Gihan S. Solimanl Ahmed M. Abdel-Azeem 2 and Fatma Mahmoud Salem2 1 Educational Consultant and Chair of International Curricula Educators Association Cairo Egypt-Master s researcher at the Institute of Environmental Studies and Research Ain Shams University 2 Botany Department Faculty of Science University of Suez Canal Ismailia Egypt gihansami@ yahoo. com Abstract Water resources in Egypt among which the Nile River is the most celebrated throughout history are variable. At ancient times It was deeply rooted in the heart of each Egyptian that the Nile River was sacred and thus had to be preserved clean to avoid the wrath of the Gods. Today the Nile River and all Egypt s Waters are crying out for help according to the available researches. Water pollution sources in Egypt today are various and Industrial wastes are considered the major source. On the other hand about 90 of the rural populations have no access to sewer systems or wastewater treatment facilities. The use of fertilizers and pesticides has significantly increased after the construction of High Dam and causes weed flourishing which increases evapotranspiration blocks the waterways and provides habitats for Bilharzia snails. Algal blooming and their toxins as a drastic source of water pollution in Egypt has never been the target of any study before carried by the Egyptian researchers till 1994. In this year Lake Nasser and fresh water canal in Port Said were invaded by algal blooms. The Governmental action to solve the water pollution crisis in general and the fresh water problem is desperately needed but not gained yet despite of the all the floral promises media announcements conferences and posters according to the reports of the Ministry of Environment and the cry-outs of stakeholders remarkably reported by media. The current situation of fresh water canal in Port Said as case of study has reached a