tailieunhanh - Understanding the Science Behind Riparian Forest Buffers: Effects on Water Quality

Tar-Pamlico River Basin, North Carolina. The state established a total, allowable discharge level for the basin. The state approved a strategy whereby an sssociation of sewage treatment plants can meet this level either by making modifications to their facilities and/or by making a monetary contribution to a voluntary state program that helps farmers reduce nonpoint source pollution. Contributions to this program will begin in September 1992. Fox River, Wisconsin. In 1981 the state of Wisconsin initiated. | Understanding the Science Behind Riparian Forest Buffers Effects on Water Quality Virginia Cooperative Extension IJVirginiaTech Invent the Future VIRGINIA STATE UNIVERSITY The riparian area is that area of land located immediately adjacent to streams lakes or other surface waters. Some would describe it as the floodplain. The boundary of the riparian area and the adjoining uplands is gradual and not always well-defined. However riparian areas differ from the uplands because of high levels of soil moisture frequent flooding and the unique assemblage of plant and animal communities found there. Through the interaction of their soils hydrology and biotic communities riparian forests maintain many important physical biological and ecological functions and important social benefits. Understanding the Science Behind Riparian Forest Buffers Effects on Water Quality by Julia C. Klapproth and James E. Johnson Faculty Assistant - Natural Resources Maryland Cooperative Extension Wye Research Education Center . Box 169 Queenstown MD 21658 Extension Forestry Specialist College of Natural Resources Virginia Tech 324 Cheatham Hall Blacksburg VA 24061 Introduction Over a third of our nation s streams lakes and estuaries are impaired by some form of water pollution . . 1998 . Pollutants can enter surface waters from point sources such as single source industrial discharges and waste-water treatment plants however most pollutants result from nonpoint source pollution activities including runoff from agricultural lands urban areas construction and industrial sites and failed septic tanks. These activities introduce harmful sediments nutrients bacteria organic wastes chemicals and metals into surface waters. Damage to streams lakes and estuaries from nonpoint source pollution was estimated to be about 7 to 9 billion a year in the mid-1980s Ribaudo 1986 . Nonpoint source pollution can be difficult to control measure and monitor. In most cases a combination of practices are .

• Môi trường
• attracting large
• strategies aimed
• new firm locations
• macroeconomic and financial
• restore confidence
• confidence
• efforts depend
• community and creating
• attractive business
• successful—or successful
• malware
• Symantec Protection
• enables reliable recovery
• existing enterprises
• Specifically
• employment impact
• approaches
• Experience suggests
• economic development